赤霉素浸种对玉米低温出苗率的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.2018.04.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究单一低温胁迫和低温干旱双重胁迫对不同耐寒性玉米品种的籽粒萌发特性和苗期生理生化性能的影响，并比较不同浓度赤霉素溶液浸种的抗逆效果。以抗寒性较强的郑单958和抗寒性较弱的CB15098为供试品种，设置低温单一胁迫和低温干旱双重胁迫2种逆境，研究10，50，100 mg/L的赤霉素浸种对玉米籽粒萌发和苗期生长的影响。结果表明，赤霉素浸种效果表现为在单一胁迫下增加不同耐寒性玉米的地上部干、鲜质量，在双重胁迫下减少两玉米品种浸种后的地上部干、鲜质量。对抗寒性较强的郑单958，赤霉素浸种可增加其低温和低温干旱胁迫下的地上部高度；对抗寒性较差的CB15098，浸种显著提升其低温和低温干旱胁迫下的发芽势，浸种在低温胁迫下抑制CB15098地上部高度和根系长度，在低温干旱胁迫下促进CB15098地上部高度。抗寒性较强的郑单958发芽率、地上部干、鲜质量和高度对不同浓度赤霉素浸种的响应幅度均高于抗寒性较弱的CB15098。低温干旱胁迫下建议采用低浓度赤霉素浸种。单一低温胁迫下建议采用高浓度赤霉素浸种，低温干旱复合胁迫下采用低浓度赤霉素浸种抗逆效果更佳。

关键词: 玉米, 赤霉素, 低温, 干旱, 苗期

Abstract: The objective of this experiment is to study the effects of chill and drought stresses on seed germination characteristics, and the effects of stresses resistance by presoaking with gibberellin (GA₃)under different concentrations. An experiment was conducted in order to investigate the effect of chill stress and chill-drought double stresses on gemination and seedling growth, the difference of the effects of presoaking with GA₃ was also analyzed. Two varieties of Zhengdan 958 (ZD958 with good cold resistence)and CB15098 (CB15098 with poor cold resistence)were presoaked in gibberellin solution with three concentrations (10, 50, 100 mg/L)before sowing. The result showed that the effect of gibberellin presoaking on dry and fresh weight of shoot exhibited the opposite effect under two kinds of stress:the promoting effect under chill stress and the inhibition effect under double stresses. ZD958 had better chill resistance in compared with CB15098, and shoot elongation of ZD958 was promoted by presoaking with GA₃ under both chill and chill-drought double stresses. GA₃ presoaking increased germinability of CB15098 under both stresses as well as its shoot length under double stresses, contrary to its decreased plant length under chill stress. The responses of germination, fresh and dry weight and length of shoot of ZD958 was significantly higher than CB15098. Lower concentration of GA₃ presoaking was recommended for maize variety under chill and drought stresses. High concentration of gibberellin solution was recommended for seed soaking under single chill stress, and low concentration of gibberellin solution for seed soaking was better for maize under chill and drought stress.

Key words: Maize, Gibberellin, Chill, Drought, Seedling stage

中图分类号:

S513.01

许高平, 刘秀峰, 袁文娅, 王璞, 楼辰军, 杨兆顺. 赤霉素浸种对玉米低温出苗率的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2018, 33(4): 147-152. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2018.04.021.

XU Gaoping, LIU Xiufeng, YUAN Wenya, WANG Pu, LOU Chenjun, YANG Zhaoshun. Effects of Gibberellin Presoaking on Maize Germination under Chill[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2018, 33(4): 147-152. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2018.04.021.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2018/V33/I4/147

参考文献

[1] 王春乙. 气候变暖对东北玉米低温冷害分布规律的影响[J]. 生态学报,2012,32(7):2110-2118.
[2] 贺伟,布仁仓,熊在平,等. 1961-2005年东北地区气温和降水变化趋势[J]. 生态学报,2013,33(2):519-531.
[3] 杨若子,周广胜. 东北三省玉米主要农业气象灾害综合危险性评估[J]. 气象学报,2015,73(6):1141-1153.
[4] Li L,Fu G. Spatial-temporal variations of spring drought based on spring-composite index values for the Songnen Plain,Northeast China[J]. Theoretical and Applied Climatology,2014,116(3/4):371-384.
[5] 张建平,王春乙. 应用WOFOST模型模拟低温与干旱对玉米产量的综合影响[J]. 中国农业气象,2007,28(4):440-442.
[6] 王春乙,赵艳霞. 基于作物模型的低温冷害对我国东北三省玉米产量影响评估[J]. 生态学报,2012,32(13):4132-4138.
[7] 王春乙,张继权. 东北地区玉米主要气象灾害风险评价模型研究[J]. 中国农业科学,2014,47(21):4257-4268.
[8] 赵俊芳,杨晓光,刘志娟. 气候变暖对东北三省春玉米严重低温冷害及种植布局的影响[J]. 生态学报,2009,29(12):6544-6551.
[9] 刘志娟,杨晓光. 气候变化背景下中国主要作物农业气象灾害时空分布特征[Ⅰ]:东北春玉米延迟型冷害[J]. 中国农业气象,2016,37(5):599-610.
[10] 郑琪,王威,王汉宁,等. 低温冻害对玉米种子发芽特性的影响[J]. 玉米科学,2011,19(6):58-61.
[11] 谢倩,陈冠英,陶洪斌,等. 玉米播种期水分胁迫及补水对幼苗生长的影响[J]. 中国农业大学学报,2015,20(6):16-24.
[12] 曹士亮,王成波,于滔,等. 低温与土壤水分含量对玉米种子萌发的影响[J]. 中国种业,2016,2:44-48.
[13] 徐文强,杨祁峰,牛俊义. 温度与土壤水分对玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长特性的影响[J]. 玉米科学,2013,21(1):69-74.
[14] Alizadeh M A. Effect of osmopriming,hydropriming and pre-chill-ing on seed emergence enhancement and seedling vigor of four medicinal species of anthemis under greenhouse conditions[J]. Bulletin UASVM Horticulture,2014,71(1):74-84.
[15] Nelissen H,Rymen B,Jikumaru Y,et al. A local maximum in gibberellin levels regulates maize leaf growth by spatial control of cell division[J]. Current Biology,2012,22(13):1183-1187.
[16] 葛云侠,王建民. 水杨酸和赤霉素复配剂对低温下玉米光合特性的影响[J]. 玉米科学,2010,18(6):43-45.
[17] 王玺. 干旱胁迫下多效唑包衣对玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J]. 玉米科学,2008,16(2):94-96.
[18] 宋亮,俞祥群,洪狄俊,等. 植物生长调节物质浸种对甜玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J]. 玉米科学,2007,15(1):92-95.
[19] 裴玉贺,郝卫艳,郭新梅,等. 植物生长调节剂浸种对玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J]. 湖北农业科学,2016,55(12):3009-3012,3041.
[20] 张亚东,朱镇. 赤霉素(GA3)和脱落酸(ABA)对不同水稻品种生长和生理特性及GA20ox2, GA3ox2 基因表达的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学,2010,24(4):433-437.
[21] 唐娜,姜莹,何蓓如,等. 赤霉素敏感性不同矮秆基因对小麦胚芽鞘长度和株高的效应[J]. 中国农业科学,2009,42(11):3774-3784.
[22] 周建斌. 不同化控调节剂浸种对玉米种子萌发生长及水分利用效率的影响[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2004,32(12):8-12.
[23] 赵鑫,赵丽晓. 芽苗期低温对玉米生长的影响及抗逆栽培措施[J].华北农学报,2012,27(S1):139-143.
[24] Afzal I,Hussain B,Basra S,et al. Priming with moringa leaf extract reduces imbibitional chilling injury in spring maize[J]. Seed Science and Technology,2012,40(2):271-276.
[25] Greaves A. Improving suboptimal temperature tolerance in maize-the search for variation[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany,1996,47(3):307-323.
[26] 杨特武,黄海东. 吸胀期低温与水分条件对油菜种子萌发的耦合效应[J]. 中国油料作物学报,2014,36(1):44-50.
[27] 高杰,张仁和,王文斌,等. 干旱胁迫对玉米苗期叶片光系统Ⅱ性能的影响[J]. 应用生态学报,2015,26(5):1391-1396.
[28] 曹宁,张玉斌,闫飞,等. 低温胁迫对不同品种玉米苗期根系性状的影响[J]. 中国农学通报,2009,25(16):139-141.
[29] Poonam R B,Handa N,Kaur H,et al. Sugar signalling in plants:A novel mechanism for drought stress management[M]//Water Stress and Crop Plants.USA:Wiley Blackwell,2016:287-302.
[30] Jarzyniak K M,Jasiński M. Membrane transporters and drought resistance-a complex issue[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science,2014,5:687.

选择文件类型/文献管理软件名称

选择包含的内容