摘要： 真菌分类研究从1729年米凯利首次用显微镜观察研究真菌，提出真菌分类检索表而开启。现在真菌分类方法比较多，近年来真菌分类学中引入了多种新兴的科学和技术，分子生物学技术的蓬勃发展为真菌分类学发展奠定了良好的技术基础。真菌分类技术的发展将促进符合客观实际的自然分类系统的建立^[1]。用核酸和蛋白质等分子生物学性状来探索真菌的门、纲、目、科、属、种等各级分类阶元的亲缘关系和进化的应用越来越多，弥补了传统分类学研究的不足，从而促使人们对真菌的分类及系统发育的认识更接近客观实际，为真菌分子生物学分类研究开辟了崭新的道路。下面将简要介绍目前应用于真菌分类学研究的一些主要方法。

关键词: 真菌, 分子生物学, RAPD, RFLP

Abstract: The taxonomic study of fungi was first used by Mikkeli in 1729 to observe and study fungi and to open the taxonomy of fungi.Nowadays,there are many fungi classification methods.In recent years,many new sciences and technologies have been introduced into fungal taxonomy.The vigorous development of molecular biology technology has laid a good technical foundation for the development of fungal taxonomy.The development of fungal taxonomy will promote the establishment of a natural classification system that is in line with the objective reality.Application to characters of nucleic acid and protein molecular biology in order to explore fungi door,class,order,family,genus and species levels of taxonomic relationships and the evolution of more and more widely,that was a large extent for making up the lack of traditional classification,so that people for the classification and system of fungi development was closer to understanding the objective reality,opened a new way for the study of molecular biology of fungi classification.Some of the main methods currently applied to the study of fungal taxonomy will be described below.

Key words: Fungus, Molecular biology, RAPD, RFLP

中图分类号: 

• S432.4+4