摘要：

氮素是植物生长发育的必需元素,是陆地生态系统初级生产力的主要限制因子,对植物生长发育有重要意义。菌根真菌与植物形成共生关系,促进植物从土壤中吸收氮素,减少氮素对植物生长的限制,增强土壤-菌根真菌-植物三者之间的氮素交流,在氮循环中起重要作用。从菌根真菌对不同形态氮素的利用、菌根真菌影响植物氮代谢、菌根真菌对土壤氮循环的生态学意义等方面进行了综述。基于当前菌根真菌对植物氮素利用影响的研究现状,建议结合基因组学、转录组学、蛋白组学及环境基因组学技术,重点研究菌根真菌—植物共生体的氮转运机制,解析菌根真菌—植物—土壤间氮素交流的主要路径及基因互作网络,以期促进植物氮素利用率,减少氮肥的施用,促进农业可持续发展。

关键词: 菌根真菌, 氮素, 谷氨酰胺合成酶, 共生, 代谢机理

Abstract:

Nitrogen is an essential element for plant growth and development.It is the main limiting factor of the primary productivity of terrestrial ecosystem and has important significance for plant growth and development.Mycorrhizal fungi form a symbiotic relationship with plants,promote plants to absorb nitrogen from the soil,reduce the restriction of nitrogen on plant growth,and enhance the nitrogen exchange between soil,mycorrhizal fungi,and plants,playing an important role in the nitrogen cycle.It reviewed the utilization of different forms of nitrogen by mycorrhizal fungi,their effects on plant nitrogen metabolism,and their ecological significance on soil nitrogen cycle.Based on the current research status of mycorrhizal fungi' impact on plant nitrogen utilization,it is suggested to combine genomics,transcriptome,proteomics and environmental genomics technologies,focus on studying the nitrogen transport mechanism of mycorrhizal fungi plant symbiosis,analyze the main path of nitrogen exchange and gene interaction network between mycorrhizal fungi, plant, and soil,so as to promote plant nitrogen utilization rate,reduce nitrogen fertilizer application,and promote sustainable agricultural development.

Key words: Mycorrhizal fungi, Nitrogen, Glutamine synthetase, Symbiosis, Metabolic mechanism