摘要： 通过6年的田间定位比较试验，探究了小麦-玉米秸秆还田条件下不同施肥处理对土壤腐殖质含量变化的影响。结果表明：随着秸秆还田年限的增长，胡敏酸（HA）、富里酸（FA）和胡敏素（HM）含量逐渐上升，与对照（CK）比较，3种秸秆还田模式土壤腐殖酸平均增幅为3.84%～62.16%，差异较明显。两季秸秆还田施氮肥（WCN）土壤腐殖质（HA、FA、HM）含量最高，比对照（CK）平均增加98.16%。一季秸秆还田施氮肥（WN）、两季秸秆还田施氮肥（WCN）以及有机肥（M）处理都可以提高土壤水溶性物质（WSS）的含量，两季秸秆还田（WC）处理土壤WSS含量稳定在（0.29±0.11）g/kg水平，两季秸秆还田配施氮肥处理（WCN）相较于对照（CK）增加89.29%。随着还田年限增加，两季秸秆还田施氮肥（WCN）处理HA/FA和PQ值到2014年达到最大，分别为1.08，0.52。说明两季秸秆还田与化肥配施能够提高土壤胡敏酸（HA）、胡敏素（HM）和富里酸（FA）的含量，还能够显著地提高土壤腐殖质腐殖化程度，增加腐殖酸含量并使之稳定增长。

关键词: 秸秆还田, 有机肥, 化肥, 土壤腐殖质

Abstract: Through 6 years of field experiments,the intention of the experiment was to study the effects of the different fertilizer treatments on the soil humus content changes under the condition of wheat-corn straw returned.The results suggested that humic acid (HA),fulvic acid (FA) and humin (HM) content increased gradually with the increase of age of straw length.Contrast with CK,3 types of straw return to soil humic acid with an average increased of 3.84% to 62.16%,there were significant differences among them.The soil humus (HA,FA,HM) content in WCN treatment was the highest,and the averagely increased 98.16% than CK.WN,WCN and M treatment could improve the content of soil water soluble substance (WSS),the contents of WSS under WC treatment were stable in (0.29±0.11) g/kg level.WCN compared to CK increased by 89.29%.With the increase of straw returning years, the treatment of WCN HA/FA and the PQ value reached maximum in 2014,1.08 and 0.52 respectively.It stated that two seasons could enhance the content of soil humic acid(HA),humin (HM),fulvic acid (FA) and could also significantly improve humus soil humification degree,increase the content of humic acid and make steady growth.

Key words: Straw returned, Organic fertilizer, Fertilizer, Soil humus

中图分类号: 

• S158