摘要： 以两个轴色不同的玉米自交系自330和PH4CV构成的六世代群体为材料，采用目测法将穗轴颜色分级，通过P1、P2、F1、F2、B1和B2六个世代联合分析法，研究控制玉米轴色性状的基因分离规律。结果表明，该性状在B1和F2群体轴色数值频率表现为W型分布，B2群体数值频率表现为偏正态分布，说明玉米轴色性状遗传为少数主基因控制，符合加性-显性-上位性两对主基因遗传模型(即B-1模型)；两个主基因加性效应值分别为0.72和-0.82，说明育种值较高；显性效应值分别为0.745和0.13，说明基因a对基因b表现为显性效应；在上位性中，两对基因显性×显性效应值为-0.715，说明互作效应明显，显性效应起主要作用；两对主基因的遗传率很高，达到94%以上。这一研究结果为玉米育种中轴色性状选择提供理论依据。

关键词: 玉米, 轴色, 遗传

Abstract: Six generations of different ear axis color maize inbred lines Zi330 and PH4CV were used in thestudy， ear axis color was classed by eyeballing． P1 ， P2， F1 ， F2， B 1 and B 2 were used to study the inheritance of maizeear axis color with joint analysis of multiple generations． The results were as follows: maize ear axis color trait presented “ w“ distribution in the B1 and F2 population， and partial normal distribution in the B 1 populations， indicatingthat the trait was controlled by few major genes; the inheritance of maize ear axis color trait fitted the model of additive-dominance-epitasis two pairs of major genes ( B-1 Model) ; the additive effects of the major genes a and b were0． 72 and － 0． 82 respectively which showed a high breeding value; the dominant effects were 0． 745 and 0． 13 respectively， it expressed gene a showed dominant to gene b; the epistemic effect of dominant dominant of two pair ofmajor genes was － 0． 715， it improved that dominant effects played a major role; Signify inheritabilities of majorgenes reached 94% ． All these provided a theoretical basis for maize breeding．

Key words: Maize(Zea mays L． ) , Ear axis color, Genetic

中图分类号: 

• S513