摘要： 搜集了太行山区气象资料,通过与国内外优质苹果产区气象条件比较,经分析认为:太行山区大部分地区的年平均温度、无霜期、极端低温、生长季节的温度在优质苹果所要求的适宜范围内;太行山海拔500 m以上的区域夏季比较凉爽,通常高温在35℃以下,超过35℃时极少,且每日高温持续时间短,枝条没有明显的春秋梢界限,非常适合苹果生长;太行山区海拔高、昼夜温差大,紫外线照射充分,有利于光合物质的积累和果实着色;太行山区年降水500~600 mm,虽降雨量偏低,但基本上可满足苹果的要求。为解决降水分布不均,进行果园蓄水保墒提供了水分基础;太行山区苹果生产的不利环境条件是:各地的降水分布与同一地区不同季节的降水分布不均、年变率大,造成局部或季节性的干旱缺水;低海拔的部分地区极端高温高于40℃,比苹果要求的上限指标高出3.9%,影响了苹果的产量和品质;太行山区的旱灾、洪涝、冰雹和风害等灾害性天气局部地区发生较频繁。

关键词: 太行山, 苹果, 气象条件

Abstract: This article collects meteorological information of Taihang Mountain.Through comparison with high quality apple production area in and out of China,the results are as follows: Weather conditions such as annual average temperature,frost-free period,the extreme low temperature and temperature in growing season are all feasible for apple production;Area which altitude above 500 m is comparative cool in Summer.Its high temperature is below 35℃ usually,few days over 35℃,and everyday high temperature duration is short.Spring and Autumnal shoot showed unobvious boundaries.These conditions are feasible for apple growth;High altitude,large temperature difference between day and night,and full ultraviolet exposure are all suitable for photosynthesis product accumulation and fruit color enhancement;Annual rainfall in Taihang Mountain is 500-600 mm.Though its total rainfall is lower but it is able to meet the basic requirement of apple.It is provide basic for water deposition and can solve the problem of uneven rainfall distribution;The disadvantage environmental conditions for free-pollutant apple developing in Taihang Mountain: Rainfall distribution is imbalance,the rate of change is large,and the results are partial or seasonal drought;Extreme temperature is above 40℃ in partial region of low altitude,and its 3.9% higher than upper limit index which infect apple yield and fruit quality;Disastrous weather occurred more frequently in partial area such as drought injury,flood,hail and wind damage.

Key words: Taihang mountain, Apple, Meteorological condition

中图分类号: 

• S661.1