摘要： 通过大田试验，对小麦机械收获后残茬覆盖与不覆盖2种条件下，免耕、翻耕和间隔深松3种土壤耕作方式夏玉米光合产物的生产、积累和分配特性进行了研究，结果表明：残茬覆盖比不覆盖全生育期平均叶面积系数增加7.02%，总光合势增加7.07%，全生育期平均净同化率增加2.97%，单株干物质积累量增加9.36%，经济系数增加1.57%，最终单位面积子粒产量增加10.4%，达极显著水平。深松分别比翻耕和免耕全生育期平均面积系数高3.43%和5.70%，总光合势高2.73%和5.66%，单株干物质积累量高2.94%和6.74%，经济系数高0.90%和1.53%，最终子粒产量增加3.92%和5.95%，差异极显著。覆盖加深松产量比不覆盖免耕高15.9%。

关键词: 残茬覆盖, 耕作方式, 夏玉米, 光合产物生产, 干物质分配

Abstract: The characters of dry matter accumulation and distribution of summer maize in three kinds tillage management of no tillage, moldboard plowing and subsoiling under two conditions of stubble mulch and no mulch have been conducted. The results showed that: compare with no mulch treatment the stubble mulch treatment is 7.02% higher in average leaf area index of whole growth stage, 7.07% higher in total leaf area duration, 2.97% higher in net assimilation rate of whole growth stage, 9.36% higher in per plant dry matter accumulation, 1.57% higher in harvesting index, and 10.4% higher in grain yield finally. Compared with moldboard plowing and no tillage treatment, the subsoiling treatment is 3.43% and 5.70% higher in average leaf area index of whole growth stage, 2.73% and 5.66% higher in total leaf area duration, 2.94% and 6.74% higher in per plant dry matter accumulation, 0.90% and 1.53% higher in harvesting index, 3.92% and 5.95% higher in grain yield. Stubble mulch with subsoiling treatment has the best effect, its grain yield is 15.9% higher than no mulch with no tillage management. That stubble mulch with subsoiling tillage management will be the applicable method of summer maize sowing in north China where wheat and maize are harvested twice a year.

Key words: Stubble mulch, Tillage management , Summer maize, Assimilating production, Dry matter distribution

中图分类号: 

• S513.01