摘要： 用扫描电子显微镜对白菜类6种蔬菜花粉及甘蓝花粉进行了观察: 白菜类蔬菜不同类型的花粉其大小、形态、花粉外壁纹饰存在差异。芜菁、卵圆型大白菜、苔菜属大花粉类型, 直筒型大白菜、白菜型油菜、小白菜属小花粉类型。形状大部分为长椭球形。萌发孔形式为三孔沟状。表面纹饰为穴状网。分析比较结果为鉴定和识别这些蔬菜类型, 研究其起源、进化及分类提供了参考。

关键词: 白菜类, 花粉, 孢粉学, 扫描电镜, 分类

Abstract: The pollen grains of 6 Chinese cabbage and cabbage have been exa-mined with the scanning electron micrqscope. There are differences in size, shape, surface sculpture of pollon grains for different types. The results show that the pollen shape of most specimens are long spheroidal, only a few are sphericies. The form of germinate passage is basically a 3-passage ditch. The surface sculpture of pollen grains is a composed cave net. Most of the caves are rectangle, ellipse, round and irregular in shape. As for size, the pollen grains of Brssice rapa L. B. pekinensis R. var cylindrica Li(oval) and Taitsai are long and large; those of B. pekinensis R. var cylindrica Li(erect). B. campestris L. and B. chinensis L. are small; B. oleracea L. has two kinds of pollen grains, half of them are especially big and the others are very small. The pollen grains of B. pekinensis R. var cylindrica Li(erect) and B. oleracea L. belong to the thick and short form; those of B. rapa L., B. pekinensis R. var cylindrica Li(oval) and Taitsai belong to the long and thin form. B. campestris L. isintermediate in shape. The surface sculpture of pollen grains in Taitsai and B. pekinensis R. var. cylindrica Li are macroporous type with minor cave and B. oleracea L., B. chinensis L. and B. rapa L. belong to cavernous type with small cave; B. pekinensis R. var. cylindrica Li(erect) and B. rapa L. in the intermediate. The results show that palynology are very important for studying the origin, evolution and taxonomy of Chinese cabbages.

Key words: Chinese cabbage, Pollen grain, Palynology, Scanning electron microscope, Taxonomy