摘要： 为研究亚洲百合的花粉活力变化规律及形态在倍性水平上的差异,以8个亚洲百合品种为材料,采用混合染料染色法和萌发法测定花粉活力,并以电子显微镜观察花粉形态.结果显示,3种倍性亚洲百合的花粉最高活力时段均在开花第1天,三倍体品种为上午10:30,二倍体和四倍体品种为中午12:30,花粉活力的总体变化趋势为先升高后降低.花粉大小与倍性呈正相关,极轴值范围为96.47~137.91 μm,赤道轴值40.68~56.55 μm,四倍体品种的P×E值最大,其次为三倍体和二倍体.花粉中部网眼大小的范围为3.93~8.57 μm,随品种倍性增加而增大,形态参数聚类显示倍性相同的品种之间花粉相似性更高.研究表明,不同倍性亚洲百合的花粉活力持久性差异较大,杂交育种时可根据倍性选择花粉活力最高时段进行授粉.

关键词: 亚洲百合, 品种, 倍性, 花粉活力, 花粉形态

Abstract: In order to investigate differences of pollen morphology and variation of viability of Lilium Asiatic hybrids in ploidy level,with 8 Asiatic lily cultivars as materials,pollen viability was measured by the methods of mixed dye staining and germination.Meanwhile,pollen morphology was observed with an electron microscope.The results showed that the highest pollen viability of three kinds of ploidy Asiatic lily appeared in the first day of the flowering period,which of the triploid varieties were at 10:30 AM,diploid and tetraploid cultivars were at 12:30 PM.Trends of pollen viability in 8 lily cultivars increased first and then decreased.There was a positive correlation between pollen size and ploidy.The polar axis ranged in 96.47-137.91 μm and the equatorial axis value were 40.68-56.55 μm.P×E value of tetraploid pollen was the largest,followed by triploid and diploid.The pollen central mesh size range 3.93 to 8.57 μm,which increased with increasing ploidy of varieties.Morphological parameters cluster displayed higher pollen similarity in the same ploidy hybrids.The research showed that there was a big difference in the persistence of pollen viability between different ploidy of Asiatic lilies.According to the ploidy of varieties,breeders can carry out pollination in the period of peak viability of pollen.

Key words: Asiatic lily, Varieties, Ploidy, Pollen viability, Pollen morphology

中图分类号: 

• S682.03