华北农学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (5): 149-160. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194879

所属专题: 小麦 热点论文

• 资源环境·植物保护 • 上一篇    下一篇

旱作及限水灌溉条件下密度对冬小麦群个体结构特征和产量的影响

李艳东1, 常黎明1, 黄琴2, 王雅群1, 王鹏月1, 房琴1, 李瑞奇1   

  1. 1 河北农业大学 农学院,省部共建华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室,河北省作物生长调控实验室,河北 保定 071001
    2 保定市农业科学院,河北 保定 071000
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-23 出版日期:2024-10-28
  • 通讯作者:
    房 琴(1988-),女,河北衡水人,讲师,博士,硕士生导师,主要从事作物高产优质高效的生态生理研究。
    李瑞奇(1969-),男,河北石家庄人,教授,博士,博士生导师,主要从事作物高产优质理论与技术研究。
  • 作者简介:

    李艳东(1999-),女,河北邢台人,硕士,主要从事作物高产优质理论与技术研究。

  • 基金资助:
    河北省自然科学基金项目(C2022204061); 国家小麦产业技术体系项目(CARS-03-05); 河北农业大学引进人才科研专项(YJ201851)

Effects of Planting Density on Individual and Population Structure Characteristics and Yield of Winter Wheat under Rainfed and Limited Water Supply Conditions

LI Yandong1, CHANG Liming1, HUANG Qin2, WANG Yaqun1, WANG Pengyue1, FANG Qin1, LI Ruiqi1   

  1. 1 College of Agronomy,Hebei Agricultural University,State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation,Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province,Baoding 071001,China
    2 Baoding Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Baoding 071000,China
  • Received:2024-05-23 Published:2024-10-28

摘要:

为了明确旱作及限水灌溉条件下密度对冬小麦群个体结构特征和产量的影响,以济麦22为试验材料,于2022-2023年度在石家庄市藁城试验站开展试验,设置4个密度水平,分别为基本苗180万(D180),300万(D300),420万(D420),540万/hm2(D540),每个密度下设置2个灌溉水平,分别为全生育期不灌水(W0)和拔节期灌溉1水(W1),比较分析了各处理叶(旗叶、倒二叶、倒三叶、倒四叶)和非叶绿色器官(穗、芒、茎鞘)面积及面积指数、干物质积累与运转、光合有效辐射截获率、水分利用效率(WUE)和产量的差异。结果表明,随着密度增加,各叶层叶面积和非叶绿色器官面积均呈下降趋势。叶和非叶绿色器官面积指数均以D300处理最高,且均显著高于D540处理。各处理花后干物质对籽粒产量的贡献率均达70%以上,与D540处理相比,降低密度减少了花前干物质转运量,但增加了花后干物质积累量及其对籽粒产量的贡献率。随着密度增加,WUE呈先升高后降低趋势,以D300处理最高,在W0和W1处理下较其余密度处理增幅分别为1.2%~14.4%和2.5%~12.7%。与W0处理相比,W1处理增加了各密度叶和非叶绿色器官面积,延缓了叶片衰退,提高了冠层光合有效辐射截获率,产量增幅为28.1%~39.7%。本试验条件下,D300处理提高了叶和非叶绿色器官面积及面积指数,增加了冠层光合有效辐射截获率和花后干物质积累量及其对籽粒产量的贡献率,该密度在W0和W1处理下的产量分别较其余密度高2.4%~6.6%和0.3%~9.7%,是此次试验的最优密度处理。

关键词: 小麦, 密度, 群体结构, 个体结构, 产量

Abstract:

In order to investigate the effects of density on individual and population structure characteristics and yield of winter wheat under rainfed and limited water supply conditions,a field experiment was carried out at Gaocheng Experimental Station,Shijiazhuang City during 2022-2023 season using JM22 wheat cultivar under four densities:which were 1.8×106 (D180),3.0×106 (D300),4.2×106 (D420) and 5.4×106 (D540) plants/ha.Two irrigation treatments for each density,which were no irrigation during the whole growth period (W0) and irrigated once at the jointing stage (W1).The influence of planting density and irrigation treatments on leaf area (flag leaf,top 2 nd leaf,top 3 nd leaf,top 4 th leaf),non-leaf green organs (ear,awns,stem sheath) area,leaf area index,non-leaf green organ area index,dry matter accumulation,photosynthetic active radiation interception rate,water use efficiency (WUE) and yield of winter wheat were studied.The results showed that the leaf area of each leaf layer and non-leaf green organs decreased with the increase of density.D300 treatment got the highest leaf area index and non-leaf green organs index,and significantly higher than that in D540.The contribution of post-anthesis dry matter to grain yield was more than 70%.Compared with D540 treatment,reducing plant density decreased the transfer of dry matter before anthesis,but increased the accumulation of dry matter after anthesis and its contribution to grain yield.With the increase of density,WUE increased first and then decreased,D300 treatment achieved the highest WUE.Specifically,the WUE of D300 was 1.2%-14.4% and 2.5%-12.7% higher than that of other densities under W0 and W1,respectively.Compared with W0,W1 treatment increased the area of leaf and non-leaf green organs of different densities,delayed leaf senescence,and improved the photosynthetic active radiation interception rate of canopy.Ultimately,the grain yield increased by 28.1%-39.7%.Under the conditions of this experiment,D300 treatment increased the leaf and non-leaf green organ area,leaf and non-leaf green organ area index,canopy photosynthetically active radiation interception rate,post-anthesis dry matter accumulation and its contribution to final grain yield.The yield of D300 was 2.4%-6.6% and 0.3%-9.7% higher than that of the other densities under W0 and W1,respectively,which was the optimal density in this study.

Key words: Wheat, Density, Population structure, Individual structure, Yield

引用本文

李艳东, 常黎明, 黄琴, 王雅群, 王鹏月, 房琴, 李瑞奇. 旱作及限水灌溉条件下密度对冬小麦群个体结构特征和产量的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2024, 39(5): 149-160. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194879.

LI Yandong, CHANG Liming, HUANG Qin, WANG Yaqun, WANG Pengyue, FANG Qin, LI Ruiqi. Effects of Planting Density on Individual and Population Structure Characteristics and Yield of Winter Wheat under Rainfed and Limited Water Supply Conditions[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2024, 39(5): 149-160. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194879.