绵羊尾长变异遗传规律的分析

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20194862

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为掌握绵羊尾长性状的遗传特性,评估绵羊尾长变异相关候选标记TBXT基因c.C334A基因型的遗传效应,为选育绵羊短尾性状提供参考。选择长尾特克赛尔羊和无尾哈萨克羊及其杂交F₁、F₂群体为研究对象,分析了尾椎数变异的遗传规律,开展了尾椎数和尾长的相关性分析。利用SPSS 26.0回归分析,在特克赛尔羊和哈萨克羊的杂交群体中评估TBXT c.C334A对尾长变异的基因型效应。结果显示,特克赛尔羊平均尾椎数为17.87±1.30、偏度1.18±0.58、峰度1.37±1.12,哈萨克羊平均尾椎数为3.52±1.03、偏度0.54±0.50、峰度0.34±0.97,F₁群体平均尾椎数为12.61±1.82、偏度-0.40±0.54、峰度1.52±1.08,F₂群体平均尾椎数为11.67±2.63、偏度-0.70±0.23、峰度-0.12±0.46,表明绵羊尾椎数在亲本和子代的遗传符合数量性状遗传规律。绵羊尾椎数对尾长的决定系数R²为0.726,表明尾椎数变化是尾长变异的主要影响因素。在受试的杂交群体中,TBXT c.C334A对尾长变异的加性效应、显性效应和替代效应分别为2.62,0.14,2.57,该位点解释了尾长表型变异的43.96%,提示TBXT c.C334A是通过影响尾椎数进而影响尾长作用效应较大的遗传标记。

关键词: 绵羊, 尾长, 尾椎数, TBXT, 遗传规律

Abstract:

In order to grasp the genetic characteristics of sheep tail length trait,evaluate the genetic effect of c.C334A genotype of TBXT gene,a candidate marker related to sheep tail length variation,and provide a reference for breeding sheep short tail trait.The long-tailed Texel sheep,tailless Kazakh sheep,and hybrid F₁ and F₂ progeny populations were selected as the research objects.The genetic pattern of the number of tail vertebrae was analyzed,and the correlation between the number of tail vertebrae and tail length was analyzed.The genotype effect of TBXT c.C334A on tail length variation was evaluated in the hybrid population of Texel sheep and Kazakh sheep using SPSS 26.0 regression analysis.The results showed that the average number of caudal vertebrae,skewness and peakedness of Texel sheep were 17.87±1.30,1.18±0.58 and 1.37±1.12,respectively.The average number of caudal vertebrae,skewness and peakedness of Kazak sheep were 3.52±1.03,0.54±0.50 and 0.34±0.97,respectively.The average number of caudal vertebrae,skewness and peakedness of the F₁ population were 12.61±1.82,-0.40±0.54 and 1.52±1.08,respectively.The average number of caudal vertebrae,skewness and peakedness of the F₂ population were 11.67±2.63,-0.70±0.23 and-0.12±0.46,respectively.It showed that the inheritance of the number of sheep tail vertebrae in parents and offspring conformed to the genetic pattern of quantitative traits.The coefficient of determination R² of the number of tail vertebrae to the tail length of sheep was 0.726,indicating that the change of the number of tail vertebrae was the main influencing factor of the tail length variation.The additive effect,dominant effect and substitution effect of TBXT c.C334A on tail length variation were 2.62,0.14 and 2.57,respectively.This locus explained 43.96% of the phenotypic variation of tail length,suggesting that TBXT c.C334A is a genetic marker that affects the tail length by affecting the number of tail vertebrae.

Key words: Sheep, Tail length, Number of caudal vertebrae, TBXT, Genetic pattern

李婧平, 李忠慧, 刘璇, 马海叶, 岳成广, 王嘉俊, 张倩雯, 李文蓉. 绵羊尾长变异遗传规律的分析[J]. 华北农学报, 2024, 39(S1): 312-319. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194862.

LI Jingping, LI Zhonghui, LIU Xuan, MA Haiye, YUE Chengguang, WANG Jiajun, ZHANG Qianwen, LI Wenrong. Analysis of the Genetic Pattern of Tail Length Variation in Sheep[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2024, 39(S1): 312-319. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194862.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2024/V39/IS1/312

图/表 6

表1 绵羊群体尾椎数量描述性统计

Tab.1 Descriptive statistics on the number of tail vertebrae in sheep population

群体 Population	数量 Number	尾椎数 Number of caudal vertebrae	最小值 Minimum value	最大值 Maximum value	偏度 Skewness	峰度 Peakedness
特克赛尔Texel	15	17.87±1.30	16.00	21.00	1.18±0.58	1.37±1.12
哈萨克Kazakh	21	3.52±1.03	2.00	6.00	0.54±0.50	0.34±0.97
F₁	18	12.61±1.82	8.00	16.00	-0.40±0.54	1.52±1.08
F₂	107	11.67±2.63	4.00	16.00	-0.70±0.23	-0.12±0.46

图1 哈萨克羊、特克赛尔羊、F₁和F₂群体中尾椎数的分布 A.白色为哈萨克羊群体尾椎数频数分布,灰色为特克赛尔羊尾椎数频数分布;B.F₁群体尾椎数频数分布;C.F₂群体尾椎数频数分布。D.蓝色代表哈萨克羊,紫色代表特克赛尔羊,红色代表F₁群体,绿色代表F₂群体。

Fig.1 Distribution of caudal vertebrae number in Kazakh sheep,Texel sheep,F₁ and F₂ populations A.White is the frequency distribution of the number of tail vertebrae of Kazakh sheep,and grey is the frequency distribution of the number of tail vertebrae of Texel sheep ;B.Frequency distribution of caudal vertebrae in F₁ population;C.Frequency distribution of caudal vertebrae in F₂ population.D.Blue represents Kazakh sheep,purple represents Texel sheep,red represents F₁ population,and green represents F₂ population.

图2 F₂群体尾长与尾椎数的相关性橙色柱状代表尾长的分布;绿色柱状代表尾椎数的分布;蓝色线性代表尾椎数和尾长相关回归线。

Fig.2 Correlation between tail length and number of tail vertebrae in F₂ population The orange column represents the distribution of the tail length;the green column represents the distribution of the number of caudal vertebrae; the blue linear represents the correlation regression line between the number of caudal vertebrae and the tail length.

表2 不同性别之间尾长的比较

Tab.2 Comparison of tail length among different sex

性别 Sex	数量 Number	尾长/cm Tail length
公羔Male lambs	250	10.70±2.50a
母羔Mother lambs	284	10.23±2.75a

表3 不同杂交组合的尾长间的比较

Tab.3 Comparison of tail length of different hybrid combinations

杂交组合 Hybridized combination	数量 Number	尾长/cm Tail length	等位基因频率 Allele frequency		HWE (P value)
杂交组合 Hybridized combination	数量 Number	尾长/cm Tail length	C	A	HWE (P value)
级进F₂ Grading F₂	303	11.06±2.21a	0.73	0.27	0.002
级进F₂×F₁ Grading F₂×F₁	134	10.66±2.64a	0.65	0.35	0.862
级进F₂×哈萨克Grading F₂×Kazakh	97	8.25±2.76b	0.39	0.61	0.006

表4 TBXT基因c.C334A遗传效应估算

Tab.4 Estimation of genetic effect of TBXT gene c.C334A

TBXT c.C334A 基因型 TBXT c. C334A genotype	数量 Number	尾长/cm Tail length	等位基因频率 Allele frequency		加性效应 Additive effect	显性效应 Dominant effect	等位基因频率 Allele frequency		替代效应 Substitution effect	c.C334A解释百分比 Percentage explained by c.C334A
TBXT c.C334A 基因型 TBXT c. C334A genotype	数量 Number	尾长/cm Tail length	C	A	加性效应 Additive effect	显性效应 Dominant effect	α₁	α₂	替代效应 Substitution effect	c.C334A解释百分比 Percentage explained by c.C334A
CC	55	12.41±1.32a
CA	65	9.93±2.18b	0.65	0.35	2.62	0.14	0.90	-1.67	2.57	43.96%
AA	14	7.18±3.51c

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