摘要： 为探明萝卜NWB CMS败育特征及其育性恢复基因的遗传规律，以3个NWB CMS不育系及5个恢复材料为主要试材，利用石蜡切片、电镜扫描法分析了不同核背景下NWB CMS的败育特点，同时通过构建不育胞质与恢复材料F₁、F₂、BC₁群体，分析育性分离情况，揭示恢复基因的遗传规律。结果表明，不同类型萝卜保持材料转育的NWB CMS不育系的雄蕊败育形态不同，但其不育系花粉败育均从单核小孢子时期开始，只是花粉粒降解程度有差异，总体分为3种类型：A2花丝短缩、花药干瘪、无可见花粉，药室结构皱缩变形，药室内仅有花粉粒外壳，且紧紧挤在一起，呈条状；A3花丝正常、花药饱满，无可见花粉，药室结构基本正常，花粉粒大部分降解，仅有极少量附着在药室壁；A4花丝正常、花药饱满且有大量无功能花粉，药室内有大量内部无法染色的花粉粒，电镜扫描显示这些花粉粒沿着3条萌发沟凹陷，形成多面体。进一步对5个NWB CMS恢复材料遗传规律进行分析，表明恢复基因具有完全显性遗传的特点，不同材料所含恢复基因对数不同，R1含3对基因，R2~R4含2对基因，R5含1对基因。综上，不同核背景下NWB CMS雄蕊败育形态有差异，但败育时期一致，其恢复基因遗传特性因材料而异，结果为萝卜NWB CMS的育种利用提供了一定的理论基础。

关键词: 萝卜, NWB CMS, 败育特征, 恢复基因, 遗传规律

Abstract: To explore the abortion characteristics and the genetic law of fertility restoring genes of NWB cytoplasm male sterile (CMS) in radish, 3 NWB CMS lines and 5 restoration materials were used as main test materials. The abortion characteristics of NWB CMS under different nuclear backgrounds were analyzed by paraffin section and scanning electron microscope, and the genetic law of restoring genes was revealed by analysis of fertility segregation of F₁, F₂, BC₁ population between sterile lines and restorer lines. The results showed that the different male sterile lines had different stamen morphology, but the pollen abortion of the CMS lines all started from the stage of mononuclear microspore, and there were differences in the degree of pollen degradation. A2 had shortening filament, shrinking anther with no visible pollen, the structure of A2's anther chamber was wrinkled and deformed, the shells of pollen grains were tightly packed together in a linear shape;A3 had normal filament, plump anther with no visible pollen, A3's anther chamber structure was basically normal, most of the pollen grains were degraded, and only a small amount were attached to the wall of the chamber;A4 had normal filament, plump anther with some nonfunctional pollen, there were a large number of unstained pollen grains in the anther chamber of A4, and the unstained pollen grains were sunken along three germ furrow to form polyhedron. The genetic laws of the 5 NWB CMS restorer materials were further analyzed, and the restorer genes were characterized by complete dominant inheritance. The number of the restorer genes varied with different materials, R1 contained 3 pairs of restorer genes, R2-R4 contained 2 pairs of restorer genes, and R5 contained 1 pair of restorer genes. In summary, NWB CMS stamen abortion morphology was different under different nuclear backgrounds, but the abortion period was the same, and the genetic rules of restoration genes vary from material to material. These results provide a certain theoretical basis for the breeding and utilization of radish NWB CMS.

Key words: Radish, NWB cytoplasm male sterile, Abortion characteristics, Restorer gene, Genetic law

中图分类号: 

• S631.03