摘要： 通过采取不同的常规育种策略和小孢子培养、分子标记辅助选择等现代生物技术,研究了提高甘蓝型油菜萝卜质不育恢复系改良效率的方法。结果表明,在甘蓝型油菜萝卜质不育恢复系杂交转育过程中,采用杂交后代与萝卜质不育系杂交,可使杂交后代分离群体中不具备恢复基因的单株在花期表现出来,无须测交即可进行选择;杂交后代通过小孢子培养,可将稳定纯合时间由传统自交8个世代缩短到3个世代;通过萝卜特异分子标记辅助选择可大大提高选择的精度,减少筛选所需的人力、土地和时间,选择效率提高90%。试验筛选出19个在萝卜质不育恢复系中能够扩增出单一、易于辨别的谱带的SCAR标记引物,其中10个引物在现有的甘蓝型油菜萝卜质不育恢复系中均能检测出特异标记。筛选出的甘蓝型油菜萝卜质不育恢复系的特异分子标记与前人研究存在差异,标记相似系数为48.28%~93.10%。通过分子标记无法区分高硫甙和低硫甙恢复系,选育低硫甙萝卜质不育恢复系还需要借助品质分析仪。成功筛选得到6个甘蓝型油菜低芥酸、低硫甙、抗寒、结角正常、农艺性状优良的萝卜质不育恢复系,为将甘蓝型油菜萝卜质不育杂种优势应用于我国油菜生产奠定了基础。

关键词: 甘蓝型油菜, 萝卜质不育, 恢复系, 改良, 选择效率

Abstract: In order to increase improvement efficiency of radish cytoplasmic male sterile (Ogu CMS) restorers in Brassica napus L.,conventional techniques and improved techniques combined conventional techniques with microspore culture and marker-assisted selection (MAS) were studied.Results implied that there were great selection efficiency differences among different screening procedures in segregated populations.One of effective conventional improvement techniques was to cross hybrids with Ogu CMS lines,their progeny without Ogu CMS restorer genes would be sterile,which made selection be more visible at flowering stage and test crosses were not necessary.If modern biological techniques were utilized,the most effective screening procedures were cross,MAS and microspore culture.This procedure could decrease selection time from 8 generations to 3 generations,and experimental labor decreased by 90%.In this study,19 radish specific SCAR markers were screened,which could amplify unique and distinguishable bands in Ogu CMS restorers.However,only 10 radish specific SCAR markers could be screened in all Ogu CMS restorers.Results indicated that the radish specific markers of Ogu CMS restorer R581 were not the same as previous Ogu CMS restorers,the mean similarity ratio of R581 compared with other Ogu CMS restorers were from 48.28% to 93.10%.This study also found that radish specific markers could not distinguish restorers with high glucosinolates content from those with low glucosinolates content,which still need to be screened by analytical devices.In this study,6 Ogu CMS restorers were bred,which had low erucic acid content,low glucosinolates content,cold injury resistance,normal pod bearing rate and fine agronomic traits.These restorers made it feasible for Ogu CMS to be utilized in Brassica napus heterosis in China.

Key words: Brassica napus L., Radish cytoplamic male sterility, Restorer, Improvement, Selection efficiency

中图分类号: 

• S565.403