摘要：

为解决农村年轻劳动力迁移减少和人口老年化所导致的对粮食作物生产积极性大幅度降低的问题,探究投入劳动力更少的水稻种植方式和与之相配套的高产品种的种植模式已迫在眉睫。通过2017—2019年的大田试验比较了当前常见且易于推广的2种种植方式,以及筛选了便于购买的早稻品种14个和晚稻品种12个,其种植方式为模拟机插秧和机直播,研究不同种植方式对不同早晚稻品种的生育期、产量、干物质积累量的影响。结果表明,直播能够比移栽缩短生育期,其中早稻直播平均生育期较移栽缩短7 d,晚稻平均缩短8 d,且直播的生育期比移栽的波动范围更小,表现更为稳定;每年全年年均产量均表现为直播显著高于移栽,其中2017年高出29.71%,2018年高出12.37%,2019年高出7.15%,并发现产量和不同时期的干物质积累量会受品种、种植方式和年度的极显著影响;通过线性回归协方差检验可知,产量与干物质积累量均存在正相关性,表现为产量随着干物质积累量增加而增加,其直播方式的线性回归的决定系数(R²)均高于移栽方式。综合比较得出,早晚稻种植方式中均以直播方式表现更佳,筛选出了与直播方式配套的稳定高产(3 a大田产量表现均较高)早稻品种株两优829(产量为6.02~10.90 t/hm²)、煜两优4156(6.49~10.22 t/hm²)和稳定高产晚稻品种五优308(10.43~12.65 t/hm²),筛选出的早晚稻品种生育期长短适中,能有效衔接实现早晚稻高产种植。

关键词: 水稻, 种植方式, 产量, 干物质积累量

Abstract:

In order to solve the problem of the reduction of the migration of young rural labor force and the aging of the population,the enthusiasm for food crop production has been greatly reduced,and it is urgent to explore rice planting methods with less labor input and matching high-yield varieties.Through field trials from 2017 to 2019,two common and easy-to-promote planting methods were compared,and 14 early rice varieties and 12 late rice varieties were screened for easy purchase.The planting methods were simulated machine transplanting and machine direct seeding.Effects of different planting methods on the growth period,yield and dry matter weight of different early and late rice varieties.The results showed that direct seeding could shorten the growth period compared with transplanting.The average growth period of early rice direct seeding was shortened by 7 d compared with transplanting,and the average growth period of late rice was shortened by 8 d.The growth period of direct seeding had a smaller fluctuation range and more stable performance than transplanting.The annual average yield was significantly higher than that of transplanting,which was 29.71% higher in 2017,12.37% higher in 2018,and 7.15% higher in 2019,and it was found that the yield and dry matter accumulation at different periods were affected by the variety,the planting method and year had a very significant effect;through the linear regression covariance test,there was a positive correlation between the yield and the dry matter accumulation,which showed that the yield increases with the increase of the dry matter accumulation,and the coefficient of determination of the linear regression of the direct seeding method(R²)were higher than the transplanting method.A comprehensive comparison showed that the direct seeding method performs better in both the early and late rice planting methods,and the stable and high-yield(high-yield performance in the field in three years)that is matched with the direct seeding method is screened.The early rice variety Zhuliangyou 829(the yield fluctuation range of 6.02—10.90 t/ha),Yuliangyou 4156(6.49—10.22 t/ha),and stable and high-yielding late rice variety Wuyou 308(10.43—12.65 t/ha),the selected early and late rice varieties had moderate growth periods and can be effectively connected achieve high-yield planting of early and late rice.

Key words: Rice, Planting methods, Yield, Dry matter weight