摘要： 在天津市武清区黏质潮土日光温室，通过田间土壤剖面实地连续监测，研究了滴灌栽培西红柿条件下土壤湿润锋水平、垂直运移规律和土壤含水量的分布特征。结果表明：滴灌开始后，湿润锋水平方向的移动距离在0.5 h内能达到10 cm以上，在1 h内能达到12 cm以上，在停止灌溉后移动距离仍然继续增大，灌溉后1.5 d后基本稳定在14.5～15.0 cm。滴灌后湿润锋垂直方向的移动距离，在0.5 h能达到30 cm以上，停止灌溉后仍能继续下移，6 h能达到49.5～53.0 cm，滴灌后1.5 d稳定在52.5～55.7 cm。湿润锋水平方向、垂直方向移动距离与灌水定额呈正相关。灌溉后6～10 h滴孔正下方20～40 cm土层土壤含水量达到最大值，然后逐渐降低，灌水定额越大，达到最大值的用时越短。滴灌后3 h的滴孔正下方20～40 cm土层土壤含水量达到33.0%～34.0%，距滴孔水平距离10 cm处为30.0%～31.0%；灌溉后6 h距滴孔水平距离15 cm处的20～40 cm土层土壤含水量28.0%～29.0%，土壤相对湿度81%～84%。20～40 cm土层适宜作物生长土壤含水量的持续时间随灌水定额增大而增长，灌水定额135 m³/hm²为8 d，而180 m³/hm²为11 d。灌水后10 d的0～20 cm土层土壤含水量降至28.0%～28.5%，土壤相对湿度80.0%～82.0%，20～40 cm土层土壤含水量30.5%～31.2%。在黏重土壤日光温室西红柿灌水定额为135～180 m³/hm²时，需要间隔10 d左右灌水一次。

关键词: 土壤湿润锋, 滴灌, 黏重土壤, 土壤水动态变化, 日光温室

Abstract: The research of wetting front movement rules and soil water content distribution characteristics were carried out on fluvial aquic soil in Wuqing district of Tianjin,China. The experiment adopted the method of continuous monitoring soil profile in solar greenhouse field cultivated tomatoes under the condition of drip irrigation. The results showed that wetting front horizontal moving distance reached more than 10 cm within 0.5 h after the start of the drip irrigation,more than 12 cm within 1 h. Horizontal moving distance still continued to increase after stopping irrigation,reached to the stability distance of 14.5-15.0 cm after irrigation 1.5 d. The vertical moving distance of wetting front reached more than 30 cm within 0.5 h after the start of drip irrigation. It continued to move down after stopping irrigation,reached 49.5-53.0 cm after 6 h,and was stable to 52.5-55.7 cm after drip irrigation 1.5 d. The horizontal moving distance and vertical moving distance of wetting front were positively correlated with irrigation quota. The soil water content of 20-40 cm soil layer just below the drip hole was reached the maximum value after irrigation 6-10 h,then decreased gradually. The bigger the irrigation quota,the shorter the time needed to reach the maximum value of soil water content. Soil water content of 20-40 cm soil layer just below the drip hole was 33.0%-34.0% after irrigation 3 h,meanwhile the soil water content of 20-40 cm soil layer where horizontal distance is 10 cm from the drip hole was 30.0%-31.0%. The soil water content of 20-40 cm layer where horizontal distance is 15 cm from the drip hole was 28.0%-29.0% after irrigation 6 h,soil relative humidity was 81%-84%. The duration time which soil water content of 20-40 cm soil layer is suitable for plant growth was increased with irrigation quota,the duration time of irrigation quota 135 m³/ha was 8 d,and 180 m³/ha was 11 d. The soil water content of 0-20 cm soil layer decreased to 28.0%-28.5% after irrigation 10 d,the soil relative humidity was 80%-82%,meanwhile the soil water content of 20-40 cm soil layer was 30.5%-31.2%. W hile irrigation quota of tomato is 135-180 m³/ha in the heavy soil greenhouse,the irrigation interval is required to be 10 d or so.

Key words: Wetting front, Drip irrigation, Heavy soil, Soil water dynamics, Solar greenhouse

中图分类号: 

• S365