摘要： 为明确施用不同有机物料对降低设施菜地氮素淋溶的效果及机理，采用室内培养试验和土柱淋溶模拟试验分别研究了玉米秸秆（M）和稻壳（R）降解过程中对于土壤氮素含量和淋溶损失的影响。结果表明：室内培养期间（35 d），玉米秸秆和稻壳的降解率分别为18.8%，3.3%；与CK相比，施用玉米秸秆和稻壳使矿质态氮降低23.9~173.1 mg/kg，6.4~126.1 mg/kg，降幅分别为24.4%，10.7%，施用稻壳和玉米秸秆分别使可溶性有机氮含量平均增加6.4%，41.1%。培养结束时，矿质态氮的固持量分别为173.1，126.1 mg/kg，占土壤矿质态氮含量的35.0%，25.5%；添加玉米和稻壳处理分别使淋溶液矿质态氮浓度降低14.5~207.3 mg/L，5.9~202.5 mg/L，使矿质态氮淋溶损失降低26.7%~41.1%，12.1%~25.3%。综上可见，施加有机物料显著增加对土壤矿质态氮素的固持，从而降低氮素的淋溶损失量，玉米秸秆降解率较高，对于矿质态氮的固持与降低氮素淋溶损失效果更好。

关键词: 日光温室, 玉米秸秆, 小麦秸秆, 氮素固持, 有机物料降解

Abstract: The aims of the research were to evaluated the effects of application of maize straw (M) and rice husk (R) on the content and the leaching of soil mineral N in incubation experiment, the results showed that during the culture (35 days), the degradation rates of maize straw and rice husk were 18.8%,3.3%, respectively. Compared with no addition treatment, addition of maize straw and rice husk reduced the mineral nitrogen by 23.9 -173.1 mg/kg,6.4 -126.1 mg/kg, with an average of 24.4%,10.7%, respectively. At the end of incubation, the maximum immobilization of mineral nitrogen were 173.1,126.1 mg/kg, accounting for 35.0%,25.5% of the mineral nitrogen in the M and R treatments, respectively. The addition of maize straw and rice husk reduced the mineral nitrogen leaching loss by 26.7% -41.1%,12.1% -25.3%. In general, the application of organic materials immobilized the mineral N and then reducing the leaching loss of mineral nitrogen, and the maize straw had better effect than the rice husk.

Key words: Plastic solar greenhouse, Corn straw, Wheat straw, Nitrogen immobilization, Organic material degradation

中图分类号: 

• S158