摘要： 为提高冬小麦籽粒营养品质,利用莱阳长期定位施肥试验第26,36年产出的冬小麦籽粒,研究了长期单施有机肥及其配施化学氮肥对冬小麦籽粒蛋白质、淀粉、粗脂肪等主要品质指标的影响。结果表明,随施氮量的增加,蛋白质和氨基酸含量上升,而淀粉和粗脂肪含量下降。与不施肥(CK)或单施有机肥(M₁、M₂)相比,有机无机配施(M₁N₁、M₁N₂、M₂N₁、M₂N₂)蛋白质和氨基酸含量分别提高15.2% ~43.9%,10.4% ~56.7%;谷氨酸在氨基酸组分中含量最高,脯氨酸受氮肥施用影响程度最大。在同一有机肥投入水平下,低量化学氮肥投入处理的淀粉、粗脂肪含量高于高量化学氮肥投入处理;在等氮量投入下,有机肥供氮比例越大越有利于提高冬小麦淀粉、粗脂肪含量。研究表明,以提高蛋白质含量为生产目的时,应多施氮并提高化肥氮所占比例,而以淀粉和粗脂肪为目的时,应提高有机肥所占比例。

关键词: 长期定位施肥, 冬小麦, 籽粒品质

Abstract: Aim of the study was to investigate the effect of long-term fertilization on the quality of wheat grain including protein,starch,and fat content by the winter wheat grain of 26th and 36th year.The long-term experiment included treatments of addition of pig manure at 30 (138 kg/ha,M₁) and 60 (276 kg/ha,M₂) t/ha alone,combined application pig manure and low (N₁,138 kg/ha) or high (N₂,276 kg/ha) amount of chemical N fertilizer,and no N fertilization (CK).The content of protein and amino acid increased with the amount N from manure and chemical fertilizer,while starch and crude fat content showed in opposite direction.Compared with CK,M₁,or M₂,combined application of manure and chemical nitrogen fertilizer (M₁N₁,M₁N₂,M₂N₁,M₂N₂) significantly increased the content of protein and amino acid by 15.2%-43.9% and 10.4%-56.7%.The content of Glutamic acid in the amino acid composition was the highest,and the Proline was the most affected by the application of nitrogen fertilizer.At the same level of organic fertilizer,the content of starch and crude fat in low amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer was higher than that in high nitrogen fertilizer;under the same amount of nitrogen,the proportion of organic fertilizer was more conducive to the improvement of winter wheat starch,crude fat content.In general,long-term application of chemical N fertilizer benefited to the increase of content of protein,and application manure increased the starch and crude fat content.

Key words: Long-term fertilization, Winter wheat, Grain quality

中图分类号: 

• S158