摘要： 为探讨直播旱种和秸秆还田方式对水稻产量和品质的影响,以扬稻6(籼稻)和扬粳4038(粳稻)为材料进行直播,设置麦秸秆掩埋水种、麦秸秆覆盖旱种、麦秸秆掩埋旱种和常规水种(秸秆不还田,对照)4种处理。结果表明:同常规水种相比,掩埋水种产量增加,增加幅度为10.2% ~11.5%,同对照差异显著;掩埋旱种和覆盖旱种产量都有不同程度的降低,降低幅度为3.0% ~6.6%,与对照差异不显著。掩埋水种、掩埋旱种和覆盖旱种均改善了稻米的加工品质、外观品质和蒸煮食味品质及RVA最高黏度和崩解值。秸秆还田后籽粒灌浆中后期剑叶光合速率、根系氧化力和籽粒中蔗糖合酶和腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶活性的提高可能是掩埋旱种、掩埋水种和覆盖旱种获得较高产量和品质改善的重要原因。

关键词: 水稻, 产量, 品质, 旱种, 麦秸秆还田

Abstract: In order to investigate yield and quality formation characteristics of direct-seeding rice under non-flooding and wheat residue returning,two rice cultivars,Yangdao 6 hao(an indica) and Yangjing 4038 (a japonica),were field grown using a direct-seeding method,and four treatments,wheat straw incorporation into soil and traditional flooding (SIF),non-flooding and wheat straw mulching (NSM),non-flooding and wheat straw incorporation into soil (NSI) and traditional flooding (no straw returned,control,TF),were imposed after sowing to maturity.Compared with TF,SIF increased in yield by 10.2%-11.5%,NSI and NSM showed some reduction in yield and the reduction was 3.0%-6.6%.The difference in increase was significant between SIF and TF,and was not significant between NSI and NSM or between NSM and TF.SIF,NSI and NSM significantly improved milling quality,appearance quality,cooking and peak viscosity and breakdown of RVA.Increases in photosynthetic rate of the flag leaf,root oxidation activity and sucrose synthase (Susase) and adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophospgorylase (AGPase) activity in grains at the mid and late grain filling stage contributed to a higher yield and better quality under SIF,NSI and NSM.

Key words: Rice, Grain yield, Grain quality, Non-flooding cultivation, Wheat residue returning

中图分类号: 

• S511.01