摘要： 为了研究粘虫不同危害程度下玉米“源库”变化特征规律、不同叶位叶片对籽粒贡献率以及虫害对玉米品质的影响。以玉米品种先玉335、郑单958、利民33为试验材料,利用去叶留叶脉的方法对灌浆期粘虫不同危害程度进行了模拟,结果表明,粘虫危害后造成“源”“库”关系变化,玉米灌浆期不同部位叶以“穗三叶”对玉米籽粒库的贡献率较大,3个品种“穗三叶”平均贡献率达48.08%,其次是“穗三叶”上部2片叶、再次为玉米顶三叶。相关分析表明,粘虫咬食后“源”的减少率与玉米单株生产力减少率呈显著或极显著的正相关关系,不同危害程度下,“穗三叶”以下叶片吃光(危害较轻)、整株剩顶5片叶(危害较重)、整株剩顶3片叶(危害严重)、整株叶片食完(危害特别严重)分别比对照(未咬食)降低4.22%,26.03%,39.26%,48.82%,粘虫咬食玉米减产幅度可达4.22% ~48.82%。对梨树和农安两县市受粘虫危害的30个田间定位点统计,最高减产51.23%,平均减产20.83%,证明粘虫咬食对玉米产量影响较大。方差分析进一步证明,不同模拟处理、不同品种以及处理与品种交互作用均存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。另外,粘虫危害可以影响玉米的商品品质,随着玉米源危害程度的加大,玉米籽粒中蛋白和淀粉含量比对照下降幅度较大,分别降低9.73%~15.91%和6.19%~11.11%,而脂肪含量变异相对较小。

关键词: 春玉米, 粘虫, 危害, 模拟, 产量, 品质

Abstract: In order to study the characteristics of corn source-sink ratio,the leaves of different positions in maize on corn grain yield,the effect of M.seperata harm on maize quality,a field experiment was conducted,in which method of leaf shearing used and materials of hybrid maize Xianyu 335(XY335),Zhengdan 958 (ZD958) and Limin 33(LM33) were chosen,to simulate the harm degree of Mythimna seperata.The result showed:The reduction rate of source showed a positive correlation with the productivity reduction rate of maize,source reduction resulted in a decreased productivity of maize,the treatment of spike three and above the ear leaves remaining (L5+LE),the top five leaves remaining (L5),the top three remaining (L3),not leaf remaining (L0) decreased 4.22%,26.03%,39.26% and 48.82% to CK,respectively.Maximum and average yield reduction rate was 51.23% and 20.83%,through 30 filed experiments in Nong'an and Lishu County,also showed that M.seperata had a great harmful effect on maize yield. M.seperata caused maize yield decreased from 4.22% to 48.82% under different harm degree.Differences in different simulation treatments,varieties,interaction between treatment and varieties (P< 0.01) were significant proved by further variance analysis.The source-sink relationship changed by M.seperata damage also showed that,contribution rate of spike three to maize grain was larger than any other leaves in different position of maize,the average contribution rate of which was 48.08%,then followed were two leaves upper the ear leaf,and for the top three leaves of maize. M.seperata damage also influenced commodity quality of maize,kernel protein and starch content were significantly affected than fat,which were reduced by 9.73%~15.91% and 6.19%~11.11%,respectively.

Key words: Spring maize, Mythimna seperata, Harm, Simulation, Yield, Quality

中图分类号: 

• S513.01