摘要： 植物RNA病毒群体的快速演化是其流行成灾的一个重要原因,研究其遗传演化机制对制定病害防治策略具有重要指导意义。目前,已研究证明植物RNA病毒可通过高频突变保持一个动态的遗传变异群体(准种),也可通过基因重组产生新的变异类型。高度变异的病毒群体在进行细胞间运动、组织间系统侵染及植株间水平传播等过程中均会遭遇遗传瓶颈而使群体数量大幅度减少。此时,自然选择或遗传漂变会发挥对群体中不同变异基因型进行筛选的作用。另外,基因漂移也是影响病毒群体遗传结构的一个重要因素。

关键词: 植物RNA病毒, 群体, 演化, 进展

Abstract: Plant RNA viruses are characterized by extreme evolutionary capacities that allow them to successfully expand their distribution ranges rapidly and cause serious harm to their host. Studies on the genetic evolutionary history of plant RNA virus population help to provide the information essential for designing strategies for viruses controlling. In recent years, it has been confirmed that plant RNA viruses change their genomes with gene mutation or gene recombination rapidly to form a quasispecies which is a cloud of diverse variants that are genetically linked through mutation. Plant RNA viruses are known to face many narrow genetic bottlenecks and a significant percentage of a population is prevented from reproducing during their life cycles , including the cell-to-cell movements , infecting the plant systemically,being transmitted from plant to plant. Genetic bottlenecks can lead to genetic drift or natural selection for the different genome. The genetic structure of plant RNA viruses population alsonare influenced by gene flow.

Key words: Plant RNA virus, Population, Evolution, Review

中图分类号: 

• S432.1