摘要： 以冬小麦青麦7号为材料,设置7个不同滴灌制度处理,即按照小麦生育期分别进行不灌水(CK1)、漫灌(CK2)、滴1水(W1)、滴2水(W2)、滴3水(W3)、滴4水(W4)和滴5水(W5),初步研究了不同滴灌制度对冬小麦光合速率及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:与CK1和CK2相比,滴4水和滴5水花后旗叶SPAD值、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)显著升高,胞间CO₂浓度(Ci)显著降低;各滴灌处理中,花后0～30 d,随着滴灌次数的增加,小麦旗叶SPAD值、Pn、Gs和Tr表现为:W4>W5>W3>W2>W1,W4处理维持较高的光合速率;各处理之间产量差异显著,表现为:W4>CK2>W5>W3>W2>W1>CK1;滴4水的水分利用效率(22.23 kg/(mm·hm²)),显著高于其他处理。综合考虑光合及产量因素,在本半湿润易旱区条件下,以起身水+拔节水+开花水+灌浆水(滴4水)为节水高产最优滴灌制度。

关键词: 冬小麦, 滴灌, 光合, 水分利用效率, 产量

Abstract: The North China Plain ( NCP) is a major agricultural area in China,especially for wheat and corn production. However,crop yield in this area is often restricted by water shortage and uneven distribution of precipita-tion.Water-saving technique is one of the most important components in wheat cultivation system in this area. The purpose of this study was to optimize drip irrigation system for high photosynthesis and water use efficiency (WUE) in wheat. The field experiments was conducted with the cultivar of Qingmai 7 in the field at the agricultural experi-ment station of Qingdao agricultural university in Jiaozhou city (36°16'N,120°04'E),Qingdao,Shandong,China in 2011-2012 growing seasons. According to different drip irrigation amount and irrigation stage,we set seven treat-ments in the experiment,which were in turn:no drip irrigation(CK1),surface irrigation at over winter stage,raising stage,jointing stage and filling stage(CK2),drip irrigation at jointing stage(W1),drip irrigation at jointing stage and filling stage(W2),drip irrigation at jointing stage,anthesis stage and filling stage(W3),drip irrigation at rai-sing stage,jointing stage,anthesis stage and filling stage ( W4 ) and drip irrigation at raising stage,jointing stage,an-thesis stage,filling stage and medium-filling stage(W5),respectively.And each time the drip irrigation amount was 30 mm and the surface irrigation amount was 60 mm.The results of this experiment showed that,compared to the CK1 and CK2,drip irrigation treatments W4 and W5 significantly increased the SPAD value, photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance and transportation rate of flag leaf. Besides,with the increase in drip irrigation water amount, the SPAD value,photosynthesis rate,stomatal conductance and transportation rate was in the order W 4>W5>W3 The North China Plain (NCP) is a major agricultural area in China,especially for wheat and corn production. However,crop yield in this area is often restricted by water shortage and uneven distribution of precipita-tion.Water-saving technique is one of the most important components in wheat cultivation system in this area. The purpose of this study was to optimize drip irrigation system for high photosynthesis and water use efficiency (WUE) in wheat. The field experiments was conducted with the cultivar of Qingmai 7 in the field at the agricultural experi-ment station of Qingdao agricultural university in Jiaozhou city (36°16'N,120°04'E),Qingdao,Shandong,China in 2011-2012 growing seasons. According to different drip irrigation amount and irrigation stage,we set seven treat-ments in the experiment,which were in turn:no drip irrigation(CK1),surface irrigation at over winter stage,raising stage,jointing stage and filling stage(CK2),drip irrigation at jointing stage(W1),drip irrigation at jointing stage and filling stage(W2),drip irrigation at jointing stage,anthesis stage and filling stage(W3),drip irrigation at rai-sing stage,jointing stage,anthesis stage and filling stage ( W4 ) and drip irrigation at raising stage,jointing stage,an-thesis stage,filling stage and medium-filling stage(W5),respectively.And each time the drip irrigation amount was 30 mm and the surface irrigation amount was 60 mm.The results of this experiment showed that,compared to the CK1 and CK2,drip irrigation treatments W4 and W5 significantly increased the SPAD value, photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance and transportation rate of flag leaf. Besides,with the increase in drip irrigation water amount, the SPAD value,photosynthesis rate,stomatal conductance and transportation rate was in the order W 4>W5>W3>W2>W1 from 0 to 30 days after anthesis. The yield of all the treatments had significant difference and the result was W4>CK2>W5>W3>W2>W1>CK1 and the water use efficiency of W 4 was significantly the highest com-pared with other treatments.Under the conditions of semi-humid and arid regions,irrigated at raising,jointing,an-thesis and grain filling stages was the optimal drip irrigation system considering the grain yield,photosynthesis char-acteristic and the water use efficiency.

Key words: Winter wheat, Drip irrigation, Photosynthesis characteristic, Water use efficiency, Grain yield

中图分类号: 

• S512.11