摘要： 在高肥地力条件下,通过5年不同气候年型,对不同基因型小麦的灌水研究。结果表明,灌水处理均较干旱处理增产达显著水平。2~4水产量差异不显著,表明小麦生产中节水潜力巨大。干旱年产量随着灌水次数的增加递增,平水年1~4水处理随着灌水次数的增加产量略有增加,丰水年不灌水的处理产量达到7 500 kg/hm2以上,灌1~2水达到了8 250 kg/hm2以上,2水以后则不增产,甚至减产,说明丰水年过多灌水对产量不利。不同灌水处理水分利用效率随着灌水次数的增加而下降,0~4水分别为18.29,16.62,15.53,14.62和13.18(kg/(hm2.mm))。不同品种间抗旱节水能力差异显著。晋麦47在全生育期不灌水的情况下表现抗旱性强,适宜旱地种植。石家庄8号、石麦15号在全生育期不灌水、灌1~2水的情况下均表现突出,抗旱节水。邯6172、石麦18号在2~3水的情况下表现节水高产,石麦18号产量潜力最大,平均产量超过9 000 kg/hm2,最高达10 138.8 kg/hm2。参试品种的水分利用效率存在显著差异,石麦15号、石家庄8号和邯6172水分利用效率较高,并且在节水条件下产量突出,实现了节水与高产的有机结合。
关键词:
冬小麦,
高产节水技术,
品种筛选
Abstract: "Different varieties of wheat were irrigated differently for five years under same high soil fertility condition,it was indicated that the yield of wheat under irrigation condition was higher significantly than that of under drought.The yield of wheat under 2-4 irrigation was not different significantly,which demonstrated the potential of water-saving in wheat farming system was tremendous.In the year of rainless,the yield increased obviously with the increasing of irrigation;but the yield of 1-4 irrigation increased slightly in the year of normal rainfall;while,in the year of abundant rainfall,the wheat yield of drought condition reached 7 500 kg/ha,under 1-2 irrigation reached 8 250 kg/ha,above 2 irrigation the yield did not increase or even decrease,it was indicated that excessive irrigation was not favorable to yield.The water use efficiency decreased with the increasing of irritation,the water use efficiency of 0-4 irritation was respectively 18.29,16.62,15.53,14.62 and 13.18 kg/(ha·mm).The difference of the capacity of drought resistance and water-saving in different varieties was significant.The variety of Jinmai 47 was appropriate for drought condition,and showed high drought resistance without irrigation in the whole growth period.Under drought condition or 1-2 irrigation Shijiazhuang 8,Shimai 15,were prominent.under 2-3 irrigation,Han 6172,Shimai18 represented the characters of water-saving and the high yield,while the yield of Shimai 18 was the highest,its average yield reached over 9 000 kg/ha,and the highest yield reached 10 138.8 kg/ha.The difference of WUE of different varieties was significant,the WUE of Shimai 15,Shijiazhuang 8 and Han 6172,were higher than that of other varieties,and their yield were prominent under water-saving condition,consequently,these varieties had the characters of high yield and water-saving. "
Key words:
Winterwheat,
Technology of highyield and water-saving,
Variety-selecting
中图分类号:
郭进考, 张士昌, 何明琦, 史占良, 刘彦军, 底瑞耀, 蔡欣, 傅晓艺. 冬小麦高产节水技术与品种筛选研究[J]. 华北农学报, 2010, 25(S2): 98-102. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2010.S2.022.
GUO Jin-kao, ZHANG Shi-chang, HE Ming-qi, SHI Zhan-liang, LIU Yan-jun, DI Rui-yao, CAI Xin, FU Xiao-yi. Research of Technology of High Yield and Water-saving and Variety-selecting in Winter Wheat[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2010, 25(S2): 98-102. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2010.S2.022.