摘要： 为进一步了解蓖麻表型性状杂种优势表现特点及与亲本相应性状的关系.选用两种基因类型有明显差异的中高秆和矮杆蓖麻杂交组合的亲本CS-R(♀)、CS-R181(♂)和CS-R3(♀)、CS-R28(♂)和它们的杂交种CS-R.181F_1、CS-R.181F_2、CS-R3.28F_1为研究材料.通过田间试验,测定了地上部干物质积累及在营养体和生殖体中分配速率和成熟期13个表型性状的杂种优势表现.结果表明:两种类型杂交组合的生育特点及杂种优势表现上有明显差别,CS-R.181F_1属于生殖型为主、体质型为辅的杂种优势类型;而CS-R3.28F_1属于生殖型的杂种优势类型;中高秆杂交种CS-R.181F_1收获期13个地上部主要性状杂种优势均表现为超高亲优势;而矮秆杂交种CS-R3.28F_1只是在籽粒产量、皮壳率和粗脂肪含量等7个性状表现为超高亲优势,百粒重等3个性状表现为超中亲优势,而营养体3个性状均表现超低亲优势,CS-R3.28F_1综合了母、父本突出的优良特性,生育期趋向父本,是适合密植和机械化栽培的杂交种;蓖麻杂种优势从杂种F_2开始出现衰退,不再适合在生产中应用.

关键词: 蓖麻, 杂交种, 杂种优势

Abstract: The aim of this study is identify deeply phenotype characters and heterosis in parents and their cross generations,and identify the realationships with one′s parents characters.Experimental matter of two types of genotypes with mid2high stalk and short stalk of castor cross combination (parents:CS2R6,CS2R181 and CS2R63,CS2R268;hybrids:CSR61181F1,CS2R61181F2and CS2R631268F1) were studied1Over2parent heterosis is the best method to measure heterosis of castor1Thorugh field experiment,there were measuring dry matter accumulation spead of over2ground,distrubition ration of vegetative mass and reproductive organ,heterotic index of 13 agronomic performance parameters tested and ect,The result indicated that Dry matter accumulation of CS2R61181F1and CS2R61181F2were more than their parents during the various growing phases,but for CS2R61181F2dry matter accumulation less than CS2R61181F11This result indicated that hybrid generation expressed significant heterosis in invegetaion growth1In all growing perid quanlityof dry matter accumulation of CS2R631268 F1with short talk was close to itsfemale parent (CS2R63) with late maturity,expect in harvest1The distribution ratio of the dry matter in vegetative mass and reproductive organ indicated that distribution ratio of reproductive of CS2R61181F1was 7419% at havest,which was slightly more than its male parent (CS2R181 7414%),but for CS2R61181F2,It was 79136 %,and was close to its female parent (CS2R6 80100 %) 1So we concluded that stalk and leaves of hybrid generation (CS2R61181) had still accumlated dry matter until harvest1For CS2R631268F1with short stalk dis2tribution ratio of dry matter in reprodubtive organ goes steadity up during the growing period,until the harvest period,which time the distribution ratio was 97161 %,which was close to its male parent (CS2R268 97118 %),but itsfemale parent (CS2R63) was 73176 %1According to above data,CS2R61181F1heterosis belong to a generative2somatic substance of types,but CS2R631268F1heterosis belong to generative of types1Two types of castor bybrids had significant different in expression of heterosis1CS2R61181F1with mid2high stalk represented over-high-parent heterosis in all of 13 a2gronomic character in ha2rvest peroid,including plant height (15183 %),dry stalk weight (14125 %),dry leaf weight (8151 %),seeds weight of per plant (14168 %),100 seeds weight of first branch spike(12103 %),seed weight in main spike (11123 %),proportion of capsule coat in main spike(1416%),proportion of capsule coat in first branch spike (10175 %),100 seeds weight of main spike (6198 %),100 seeds weight of per plant (3195 %),crude fat content of seeds in main spike (9154 %),crude fat centent of seeds in per plant (7130 %),and crude fat content of seeds in first branch spike (5119 %)1The CS2R631268 F1with short stalk represented over2high2parent2heterosis in 7 agronomic character,including seeds weight of main spike (11101 %),proportion of capsule coat in main spike(6197 %),crude fat content of seeds in first branch spike (3141 %),proportion of capsule coat in first branch spike (313 %),seeds weight of per plant (2145 %),crude fat content of seeds in per plant (0124 %),crude fat content of seeds in main spike (012%),and over2mid2parent heterosis in 3 agronomic character,including 100 seeds weight of first branch spike (20147 %),100 seeds weight of per plant (15198 %),100 seeds weight of main spike (8108 %),and over2low2parent heterosis in 3 agronomic character,including weight of dry stalk (32106 %),weight of dry leaf (15193 %),plant height (11121 %) 1CS2R631268F1 having many excellent character coming from their parents,were fit for dense sowing and mechanized farming1The heterosis of castor had began to decline from F2generation,and unfit for planting

Key words: Castor, Hybrid, Heterosis

中图分类号: 

• S55.02