摘要： 以华北大黑鳃金龟为对象,研究了营养和湿度对其发育和生殖的影响.在室内条件下,以不同饲料饲养成虫,取食榆树叶的华北大黑鳃金龟产卵量最高,为107.1粒/头,其次是毛白杨叶,而取食玉米叶和刺槐叶的产卵量最低.在马铃薯块、甘薯块和花生米三种饲料中幼虫最嗜取食马铃薯块,且存活率最高,幼虫重量显著高于取食甘薯块和花生米的幼虫重量.土壤湿度对卵发育影响较大,土壤湿度为18%时,卵的孵化率最高为75.6%,过干过湿都不利于卵的孵化.以含有15.7 mg/cm2水的滤纸在暗处培育卵,孵化率可达77.7%,这种卵的孵育方法操作简便,减少了土壤中病原微生物和土壤颗粒对卵的侵染及损伤.土壤湿度为15%～18%时最有利于幼虫的生长发育,高于或低于这一湿度,幼虫的死亡率均增加.饲养中发现,幼虫在低龄阶段死亡率最高,尤其在初孵幼虫生长发育的前30 d内,这可能与低龄幼虫体壁较薄,抵抗过干过湿以及物理损伤的能力较差有关.

关键词: 华北大黑鳃金龟, 营养, 湿度, 生长发育, 生殖

Abstract: The effect of nourishment and humidity on the development and reproduction of Holotrichia oblita was studied.The result suggested that the fecundity of H. oblita fed on elm leaves was the highest ( 107. 1 eggs per female), the next was that on Chinese white poplar, the last was that on corn and silver chain leaves.The larva had a preference for potatoes to peanuts and sweet potatoes, and those fed on potatoes had highest survival rate and their weight was signif-i cantly more than those fed on peanuts and sweet potatoes. Soil humidity had great effect on the hatching of eggs; the hatching rate was up to 75. 6% when soil humidity was 18% and too dry or humid condition was unfavorable to the hatch. Eggs bred on filter paper with 15. 7 mg/ cm2 water in dark place had hatching rate of 77. 7%. This method of breeding eggs was easy, reducing the chance of eggs to be infected by pathogen microbes or damaged by soil grains. 15% ~ 18% soil humidity was most favorable to the development of larva, and the death rate would increase in higher or lower humidity than the scale. It was found that early larva had the highest death rate, especially in the first 30 days after hatching, which might result from the poor resistance of their thin body wall to dryness, humidity or physical damage.

Key words: Holotrichia oblita, Nourishment, Humidity, Development, Reproduct ion

中图分类号: 

• S33.5