施用保水剂对半干旱地区玉米生长发育的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20190394

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探究保水剂对玉米生长发育的影响，以吉林省西部半干旱地区盐渍化土壤为研究对象，通过设计不施用保水剂（CK）与施用保水剂（SAP）2种处理，采用田间试验的方法，对玉米出苗率、土壤含水量、地上地下干物质质量、产量性状、光合性状和籽粒品质进行了研究，旨在为半干旱地区抗旱增产提供理论依据。结果表明，与CK相比，SAP处理可使玉米提前出苗2 d，提高玉米出苗率4.6%；SAP处理能显著提高玉米不同生育期不同土层含水量，其中抽雄期提高效果最为显著，不同土层增幅为9.67%~16.06%；抽雄期玉米叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率相较于CK分别提高了13.68%，19.53%，22.56%，12.94%。灌浆期玉米叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率相较于CK分别提高了11.09%，33.31%，15.27%，23.65%；SAP处理能显著提高玉米不同生育期地上和地下干物质质量，其中对玉米拔节期增幅最为明显，地上和地下干物质质量增幅分别为32.52%，30.14%；SAP处理能够改善产量构成因素，进而提高玉米产量和籽粒品质，其中玉米株高、单穗质量、千粒质量和产量相较于CK分别提高了29.72 cm、16.04 g、7.52 g和8.14%；蛋白、脂肪和淀粉干基分别提高了10.65%，3.97%，0.99%。说明施用保水剂有利于玉米生长发育和增产，其可以作为半干旱地区盐渍化土壤抗旱增产重要措施之一。

关键词: 保水剂, 半干旱地区, 玉米, 生长发育

Abstract: In order to explore the effect of water-retaining agent on maize growth and development, saline soil in semi-arid area of Western Jilin Province was taken as the research object. Through designing two treatments of non-application of water-retaining agent (CK) and application of water-retaining agent (SAP), field experiments were conducted to study maize seedling emergence rate, soil moisture content, dry matter weight above and below ground, yield traits, photosynthetic traits and grain quality. The purpose of this study is to provide a theoretical basis for drought resistance and yield increase in semi-arid areas. The results showed that compared with CK, SAP treatment could advance maize seedling emergence by 2 days and increase maize seedling emergence rate by 4.6%. SAP treatment could significantly increase water content in different soil layers at different growth stages of maize, and the most significant effect was at heading stage, with an increase of 9.67%-16.06% in different soil layers. Compared with CK, the chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of tasseling stage maize increased by 13.68%, 19.53%, 22.56% and 12.94% respectively.Compared with CK, the chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of maize were increased by 11.09%, 33.31%, 15.27% and 23.65%, respectively;SAP treatment could significantly increase the dry matter weight of maize at different growth stages, especially at jointing stage, with the dry matter weight of above-ground and below-ground increasing by 32.52% and 30.14% respectively; SAP treatment could improve the dry matter weight of maize leaves at jointing stage. Yield components further improved maize yield and grain quality, in which plant height, spike weight, 1000-grain weight and yield increased by 29.72 cm, 16.04 g, 7.52 g and 8.14% compared with CK, and protein, fat and starch dry base increased by 10.65%, 3.97% and 0.99%, respectively. The results showed that the application of water-retaining agent was beneficial to the growth and yield of maize, and it could be used as one of the important measures for drought resistance and yield increase of saline soil in semi-arid areas.

Key words: Water retaining agent, Semi-arid area, Corn, Growth and development

中图分类号:

S513.01

吴阳生, 王天野, 王呈玉, 李桥, 黄梓源, 刘淑霞. 施用保水剂对半干旱地区玉米生长发育的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2019, 34(S1): 64-68. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190394.

WU Yangsheng, WANG Tianye, WANG Chengyu, LI Qiao, HUANG Ziyuan, LIU Shuxia. Effect of Water Retaining Agent on Growth and Development of Maize in Semi-arid Area[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2019, 34(S1): 64-68. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190394.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2019/V34/IS1/64

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