摘要： 分析蓬莱产区梅乐葡萄盛花期、转色期、成熟期的叶片、花/果实中矿质变化规律及其相关性，为梅乐葡萄的营养诊断及科学施肥提供理论依据。2018-2020年连续以蓬莱产区16个固定配方施肥条件下的梅乐葡萄为研究对象，每个配方肥选择4个果园，共计192个梅乐葡萄园，比较不同生育期叶片、花/果实矿质元素含量差异，应用相关分析法筛选影响果实矿质营养含量的主要叶片养分因子。叶片Fe、B和花/果实N、P、K、Mg、Fe、B含量在各生育期均表现为盛花期>转色期>成熟期，且不同生育期间差异显著。叶片Mn、Cu和果实Cu含量均表现为转色期>成熟期>盛花期，且各生育期间差异显著。除盛花期N、Ca、Mg、成熟期Cu、全生育期Mn外，其他叶片与花/果实矿质元素呈显著或极显著差异。N、Ca、Mo含量在各生育期均表现为叶片>果实。Fe、Mn、Zn、B含量在各生育期均表现为果实>叶片。P、K含量在盛花期和转色期均表现为果实>叶片，在成熟期均表现为叶片>果实。Mg、Cu含量在盛花期均表现为果实>叶片，在转色期、成熟期均表现为叶片>果实。梅乐葡萄叶片和果实矿质元素变化规律存在相似性和特异性，可能是由叶片和果实各矿质元素之间存在不同程度协同或拮抗作用造成的。相关分析表明，叶片和果实各元素含量在不同生育期间呈现不同程度的相关性。P、K、Fe、Zn、Cu、B是梅乐葡萄花发育过程中不可或缺的元素。盛花期-转色期梅乐葡萄叶片和果实中Ca、Mn、Cu含量均显著提高。在梅乐葡萄果实成熟期，叶片中N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Mo极显著高于果实，其中Ca、N、K含量较高，说明在果实生长发育过程中对Ca、N、K的需求量高于其他矿质元素。综上，可以通过调控花前叶片中P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Cu、B、Mo水平调控花中P、K、Fe、Cu、B含量；由于叶片中的Ca不易有效转运至果实中供其利用，因此Ca应有针对性地直接施用于幼果上。转色期，可通过提升叶片中Mn、Cu水平调控果实中Mn、Cu含量。成熟期，可通过提升叶片N、K、Ca水平调控果实中P、K、Zn、Mn含量。

关键词: 葡萄, 叶片, 果实, 矿质营养, 变化规律, 相关性

Abstract: The changes of minerals in leaves(L), flowers/fruits(F)and their correlations in the full-bloom stage(FBS), veraison stage(VS), and maturation stages(MS)of Merlot grapes in the Penglai producing area was analyzed, and which will provide the theoretical basis for the nutritional diagnosis and scientific fertilization of Merlot grapes. In 2018-2020, 16 Merlot grapes under fixed formula fertilization in the Penglai production area were selected as the research object. Each formula fertilizer selected 4 orchards, a total of 192 Merlot vineyards, and the leaves, flowers/fruits of different growth periods were compared. For differences in the content of mineral elements, correlation analysis was used to screen the main leaf nutrient factors that affect the mineral nutrient content of the fruit. The contents of L_Fe, B and F_N, P, K, Mg, Fe, and B content in each growth period showed the order of FBS>VS>MS, and there were significant differences in different growth periods. The contents of L_Mn, Cu and Cu content showed the order of VS>MS>FBS, and the differences were significant in each growth period. Except for N/Ca/Mg at FBS, Cu at MS, and Mn at FBS NS/MS, other leaf and flower/fruit mineral elements showed significant or extremely significant differences. The contents of N, Ca, and Mo in each growth period showed the order of L>F. The content of Fe, Mn, Zn, and B in each growth period showed as F>L. The content of P and K was expressed as F>L in both FBS and VS, and L>F in MS. The content of Mg and Cu in FBS was F>L, and in VS and MS, the content was L>F. There were similarities and specificities in the changes of mineral elements in the leaves and fruits of Merlot grapes, which might be caused by the different degrees of synergy or antagonism between the various mineral elements in the leaves and fruits. Correlation analysis showed that the content of various elements in leaves and fruits showed different degrees of correlation during different growth periods. P, K, Fe, Zn, Cu, B were indispensable elements in the development of Merlot grape flowers. The content of Ca, Mn, and Cu in the leaves and fruits of Merlot grapes increased significantly during the period of FBS and VS. During the MS of Merlot grapes, the N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Mo contents in the leaves were significantly higher than those in the fruits, and the contents of Ca, N, and K were higher, indicating that the effects of Ca, N, K in the growth and development of the fruit were relatively high. The demand was higher than other mineral elements. In summary, the P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, B, and Mo levels in the leaves before anthesis could be adjusted to regulate the content of P, K, Fe, Cu, and B in the flower;because the Ca in the leaves was not easy to effectively transport to the fruit for its use, so Ca should be directly applied to the young fruit in a targeted manner. During the VS, the content of Mn and Cu in fruits could be regulated by increasing the levels of Mn and Cu in leaves. During maturity, the contents of P, K, Zn, and Mn in the fruit could be regulated by increasing the levels of N, K, and Ca in leaves.

Key words: Vitis vinifera L., Leaves, Fruits, Mineral nutrition, Change law, Correlation

中图分类号: 

• S663.01