摘要： 以蛋白质含量差异较大的小麦为材料，研究了不同营养水平下籽粒发育过程中蛋白质含量和谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)活性的动态变化规律及关系，以及小麦生育期功能叶相关酶活性动态变化及与籽粒蛋白质含量的关系。结果表明，两种营养水平下蛋白质含量的动态变化都表现为“高-低-高”的变化趋势，不同品种籽粒的蛋白质积累过程品种间存在差异，PH82-2-2一直处于最高水平，而PH97-4一直处于最低水平，PH97-5在籽粒发育后期蛋白质含量超过济南17，低于PH82-2-2，高于PH97-4。籽粒GS活性在籽粒发育过程中总体呈下降趋势，籽粒蛋白质含量较高的品种，籽粒GS活性较高，反之，较低，PH82-2-2籽粒有较高的酶活性，PH97-4的酶活性较低，籽粒GS活性和蛋白质积累在两种营养水平下在花后21 d，相关显著。对于籽粒GDH活性，PH82-2-2和PH97-5表现趋势基本一致，而济南17和PH97-4表现基本一致，但和籽粒蛋白质积累相关不显著。功能叶片NR活性在开花期最高，高营养水平下起身期和开花期NR活性和籽粒蛋白质含量相关显著；营养水平高叶片GS活性高，品种间表现基本一致；GDH活性品种间表现不完全一致，叶片GS和GDH活性籽粒蛋白质含量相关不显著。

关键词: 小麦, 籽粒, 功能叶, 蛋白质含量, 酶活性

Abstract: The dynamic changes of protein synthesis and the related enzymes and their relationship in different genotype wheat varieties were studied in different nutrition levels. The results indicated that the dynamic change of protein content in grain showed a "high-low-high" trend, and protein assimilation of different wheat varieties were significantly different, PH82-2-2 always was at the highest level, whereas PH97-4 was at the lowest level. Glutamate synthetase activity showed a downtrend in grain developing process, and one of the varieties with higher protein content was higher, otherwise, it was lower. PH82-2-2 had higher GS activity, contrariwise PH97-4 had lower one. At 21 days after anthesis, GS activity was significantly correlated with protein content in grain. In whole grain developing period, Glutamate dehydrogenase activity was not significantly correlated with protein content. Nitrate reductase activity of the function leaf was highest at anthesis, and the ones at rising and anthesis in high nutrition level was significantly correlated with protein content, however, wasn't GS and GDH activity in leaf from rising to filling with protein content in mature at two nutrition levels.

Key words: Wheat, Grain, Function leaf, Protein content, Enzyme activity

中图分类号: 

• S512.01