摘要： 利用塑料拱棚，人为创造与控制玉米幼苗生长需要的微生态条件，可使冷凉地区春玉米提前15～20d播种，提早20～30d出苗，有效积温增加100～1800C,光照增加200h,灌浆时间延长10d左右，光能利用率是常规栽培方式的1.26倍；移栽春玉米株高降低13～35cm,穗位下降15～32cm,结合定向移栽，可增加种植密度10%～15%,最大叶面积提早呈现10d,全生育期总光合势提高约10%;灌浆期间，CGR提高88.3%,RGR提高61%,NAR提高93.6%,LAR降低16.7%;移栽玉米根系发达，建成早，衰老慢；营养和生殖生长关系协调，同化产物的分配明显偏重于根系与生殖器官，有利于形成经济产量及提高经济系数。

关键词: 春玉米, 育苗移栽, 生态, 生理

Abstract: Artificial microecological conditions for growth of corn seedlings were brought about in an arched plastic shed.Under this condition spring corn can be sown 15 to 20 days earlier,and seeds emerge 20 to 30 days earlier in cool areas.Effective accumulated temperature increases by 100 to 180 οC, with lighting 200 hours longer.Grain filling stage prolongs 10 days.The efficiency of energy use is 1.26 times that of the conventional cultivation method.In transplanted spring corn the plant height is 13 to 35 cm lower and the first ear location height,15 to 32 cm lower.The plant density increases by 10% to 15%.The largest leaf area comes 10 days earlier.The total of photosynthesis increases by about 10%.During the grain filling stage,CGR, RGR,and NAR increases by 88.3%,61%and 93.6%,respectively,while LAR decreases by 16.7%.The roots of transplanted corn develop well and early,and decline slowly.There is a smooth relation between vegetative growth and generative growth.More assimilation products distribute to roots and reproductive organs.It may facilitate the formation of economic yield and the improvement of the economic coefficient.

Key words: Spring corn, Raising and transplantation of seedling, Ecology, Physiology

中图分类号: 

• S513