摘要： 从一株冬小麦H₁花粉试管苗基部，取未分化绿苗的胚性愈伤组织建立细胞无性系，从中获得4丛R₁结实株系，对其R₂进行田间观察，发现其中一株发生了变异，R₂的株系变异率为25.00%。该变异株系R₂的86个单株的变异情况统计结果显示，在3个主要农艺性状中，株高变异率最高，为67.44%，其次是千粒重，为50.00%，单株穗数居第三位，为47.67%。其它性状如种子蛋白质含量，粒色，粒形，穗形均发生变异，且幅度大，频率高，不仅株系内存在变异，穗系内也存在变异。在调查的性状中只有芒性未发生变异。

关键词: 冬小麦, 花药愈伤组织, 无性系变异

Abstract: Four patchs of fertile R₁ generations were obtained from somaclones initiated from non-differentiated anther calli of a new cultivar of winter wheat-Shi 5144. The observation results in the field showed that the variation occured in 1 plant of R₂ generation, and the variation frequency was 25%.86 progenies of this variant were observed. Among the three major agronomic characters, the plant height showed the highest variation frequency (67.44%), followed by 1000-grain-weight and the number of spikes per plant, which were 50.00% and 47.67%, respectively. Variation was also observed in other characters including protein content in seed,grain colour and type, spike shape. The variation occured not only within the plant lines but also within the spike lines. Only awn did not change among the characters investigated.

Key words: Winter wheat, Anther callus, Somaclone variation