摘要： 土壤水分对谷子结实的影响主要在结实阶段.土壤水分过少或过多,都能显著降低结实率、成粒数和产量.这一时期以保持土壤毛管持水量的70%左右对结实最为有利.供水不足,首先影响根系活性和体内水分状况,从而影响体内外气体交换,降低光合速率和呼吸强度,同时影响细胞膜透性,导致体内物质代谢过程改变,降低有机物质的积累,造成穗部营养贫乏,形成秕谷.土壤水分过多,通气不良,影响根系活性,降低伤流量,抑制体内代谢过程及物质运转,造成穗部营养不足,形成秕谷.

关键词: 谷子, 土壤水分, 结实率, 秕谷率

Abstract: It is in the booting stage that the soil water influences seed setting of foxtail millet (Setaria itulica Bcauv.). When soil water is too much or too little, the seed setting rate, seed number per spike and yield ail decline obviously. The best condition for grain development is to keep soil moisture at 70% of capillary water. Insufficient of soil water affects the root system activity and water status inside of plants first, therefore, influences the air exchange between inside and outside of plants, reduces the rate of photosynthesis and respiration of the leaf, lowers the permeability of cell membrane, causes changes of substances metabolicem process, and decrease of the accumulation of organic matters, and results in nutritional inadequancy of the spike and in formation of abortive grain.When soil water is excessive, the aeration is poor, the activity of root system is affected, the bleeding decreases, metabolic process and substances tranport in plant are controlled. So the nutrition in spike is poor and the abortive grain is formed.

Key words: Foxtail millet, Soil water, Seed setting rate, Abortive grain rate