谷子、小麦籽粒蛋白、淀粉构成及结构差异分析

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20190775

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了研究谷子和小麦的淀粉、蛋白质结构、性状的差异，探索改良谷子品质的新思路，通过籽粒总蛋白提取法提取小麦与谷子的总蛋白，通过小麦谷蛋白提取方法提取小麦与谷子的谷蛋白，通过醇类物质提取小麦和谷子中的醇溶蛋白，并通过SDS-PAGE对总蛋白及谷蛋白条带进行鉴定、A-PAGE对醇溶蛋白带谱进行鉴定，并通过扫描电镜观察籽粒内部结构，分析小麦与谷子蛋白和淀粉的结构差异。结果表明，谷子谷蛋白含量低，存在一定量的醇溶蛋白，且存在一定的多态性；小麦淀粉包含A、B、C 3种淀粉粒，淀粉体间隙紧密填充蛋白体，谷子淀粉体呈多边形，体积小于小麦淀粉体，且仅含有2种类型的淀粉粒。谷子、小麦的淀粉类型、谷蛋白含量存在明显差异，醇溶蛋白具有品种间特异性，谷子的醇溶蛋白带谱数量明显低于小麦，为从淀粉发育、蛋白质含量等方面改良谷子品质提供了新的思路。

关键词: 谷子, 小麦, 蛋白, 淀粉, 结构差异分析

Abstract: For study the differences of structure and characters of protein and starch between wheat and foxtail millet, and find new ways to improve the quality of wheat, the total protein, glutenin and gliadin of wheat and foxtail millet were extracted by total protein extraction method, the extraction of high and low molecular weight glutenin method, and alcohol soluble protein extraction methodrespectively,and the protein bands were identified by SDS-PAGE(total protein and glutenin) and A-PAGE(glidain). The differences of structure of protein and starch between wheat and foxtail millet were observed and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the grain of foxtail millet almost not contained glutenin, and contained some alcohol-soluble protein with polymorphisms.The grain of wheat contained A, B, C three kinds of starch, while the grain of foxtail millet was found two kinds of starch only.And the starch of foxtail millet is polygonal and smaller than that of wheat. Above all, the structure, shape and composition of starch and protein of foxtail millet and wheat were quite different.It may provide a new way to improve the quality of foxtail millet by modifying starch and protein synthesis genes like wheat.

Key words: Foxtail millet, Wheat, Protein, Starch, Analysis of structural differences

中图分类号:

S512
S515

刘丹, 赵子龙, 梁丹, 曹婷婷, 李素敏, 王从磊, 时晓伟, 杨晓然, 张明, 朱铭, 王建贺, 冯刚, 李素英. 谷子、小麦籽粒蛋白、淀粉构成及结构差异分析[J]. 华北农学报, 2020, 35(2): 72-78. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190775.

LIU Dan, ZHAO Zilong, LIANG Dan, CAO Tingting, LI Sumin, WANG Conglei, SHI Xiaowei, YANG Xiaoran, ZHANG Ming, ZHU Ming, WANG Jianhe, FENG Gang, LI Suying. Analysis on Protein and Starch Composition and Structure of Foxtail Millet and Wheat[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2020, 35(2): 72-78. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190775.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2020/V35/I2/72

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