摘要： 分析北京地区冬小麦高产育种的进展及问题, 提出高产品种模式以中间型模式较现实可行, 设计时应注意: 1.对产量构成三因素要统筹兼顾, 尽量挖潜, 争取综合优势。2.协调穗粒数与抗寒及熟期的矛盾, 在中等小穗数的基础上争取提高小穗结实数并力争减少不孕小穗数。3.穗粒重构成的三种类型, 穗粒数/千粒重是: （1）中上/中上, 稳产性好, 较易实现（2）中上/上, 高产潜力大（3）上/中, 利于协调高产与优质。4.兼具中上等分蘖力, 越冬抗寒性好及成穗率高, 可获较高的亩穗数。5.株高80-85厘米, 收获系数0.44-0.50为宜。多穗与大粒结合型, 也可获得高产。

关键词: 北京, 小麦高产育种, 模式

Abstract: The advance and problems in the breeding of the high yielding breeding in winter wheat in Beijing area were analysed. The high yielding varietal models are proposed. Attention should be paid to the following points for the designation of varieties. 1.In order to get a joint advantage, mutual relationship among the three yield components must be overall considered; 2.A good coordination among kernals per head, winferhardiness and maturity can be gained by moderately the increasing the number of kernels per spiklet and decreasing the number of sterile spiklets on the basis of medium number spiklets per head. 3.The three types of structure of kernels weight per head(kernels per head/1000 kernels weight):1) Medium-high/medium-high-Good stability performance and easy realization;2) Medium-high/high-Good potential of high yielding;3) High/medium-Easy coordination between high yielding and good quality. 4.More heads per mn can be gained by possessing a medium-high ability of tillering, strong cold resistance and high heading rate. 5.The variety should have a stature of 80-85 cm and a harvest index of 0.44-0.50. High yielding can be also gained by the variety combining more heads with big kernels.

Key words: Beijing, Breeding of the high yielding in wheat, Models