Effect of Comprehensive Agronomic Measures on the Yield Increase of Summer Maize in Light Saline-Alkali and Infertile Cultivated Land

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20195981

Abstract

Abstract:

To address the challenge of limited summer maize yield improvement caused by soil salinization and infertility in the coastal low plain of North China,it integrated an Integrated Agronomic Measures(IAM)package(including optimized varieties,moderate densification,controlled-release fertilization,post-flowering topdressing,and delayed harvesting).It further explored the yield-increasing effect of IAM combined with organic manure(IAM+OM)on summer maize in saline-alkaline and infertile farmland.In 2024 and 2025,three treatments were set up in a typical representative area:IAM,IAM+OM,and Farmers' Traditional Practice(FP).The study systematically analyzed the effects of different treatments on soil nutrient and salt migration,maize dry matter accumulation and distribution,and yield components.The results showed that compared with the FP treatment, the IAM+OM treatment significantly increased soil organic matter by 0.20 percentage points.At maturity,the salt content in the 0—40 cm soil layer under IAM+OM was significantly 0.25 percentage points lower than that under FP. At the flowering stage,soil nitrate nitrogen content under IAM and IAM+OM increased by 17.9% and 35.4% respectively compared with FP;the SPAD values of IAM and IAM+OM were significantly 4.9% and 5.5% higher than those of FP.At the flowering and maturity stages,the dry matter weight of IAM increased by 19.9% and 20.6% respectively compared with FP;post-flowering dry matter accumulation under IAM increased by 20.8% compared with FP.On a two-year average,compared with FP,IAM significantly increased the number of harvested ears by 9.7% and 1000-grain weight by 8.3%;IAM increased yield by 11.8%,and IAM+OM increased yield by 18.1%(both reaching significant levels).IAM combined with organic manure(IAM+OM)significantly improves soil physical and chemical properties,enhances nutrient supply,inhibits salt accumulation,and promotes post-flowering dry matter accumulation and yield formation.This technical model provides a feasible approach for improving summer maize productivity in light saline-alkaline and infertile farmland in water-deficient areas of the North China Plain.

Key words: Summer maize, Comprehensive agronomic measures, Light saline-alkali, Infertility, Yield

CLC Number:

S513玉米(玉蜀黍)

YAO Haipo, ZHANG Jingting, LI Qian, DONG Zhiqiang, ZHENG Mengjing. Effect of Comprehensive Agronomic Measures on the Yield Increase of Summer Maize in Light Saline-Alkali and Infertile Cultivated Land[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2026, 41(5): 92-100. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195981.

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References 33

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处理 Treatment	品种 Cultivar	种植密度/ (万株/hm²) Planting density	肥料类型 Types of fertilizers	养分配比 Formulation of primary nutrients	肥料施用时期和施用量/(kg/hm²) Fertilizer application period and application rate
处理 Treatment	品种 Cultivar	种植密度/ (万株/hm²) Planting density	肥料类型 Types of fertilizers	养分配比 Formulation of primary nutrients	基肥 Base fertilizer	大喇叭口期 Large bell	灌浆期 Filling stage	灌溉方式 Irrigation method
FP	JYY767	6.75	掺混复合肥	N-P-K(28-8-8)	750			畦灌
IAM	JY604	7.80	缓控释肥(含PCU树脂包膜尿素,	N-P-K(28-12-12)	600	37.5	37.5	微喷(水肥一体)
	JY903		控施氮≥23%)
	ND372
IAM+OM	JY604	7.80	缓控释肥(含PCU树脂包膜尿素,	N-P-K(28-12-12)	600	37.5	37.5	微喷(水肥一体)
	JY903		控施氮≥23%)	有机质含量≥45%,	15 000
	ND372		有机肥(羊粪)	NPK含量≥5%

处理 Treatment	品种 Cultivar	种植密度/ (万株/hm²) Planting density	肥料类型 Types of fertilizers	养分配比 Formulation of primary nutrients	肥料施用时期和施用量/(kg/hm²) Fertilizer application period and application rate
处理 Treatment	品种 Cultivar	种植密度/ (万株/hm²) Planting density	肥料类型 Types of fertilizers	养分配比 Formulation of primary nutrients	基肥 Base fertilizer	大喇叭口期 Large bell	灌浆期 Filling stage	灌溉方式 Irrigation method
FP	JYY767	6.75	掺混复合肥	N-P-K(28-8-8)	750			畦灌
IAM	JY604	7.80	缓控释肥(含PCU树脂包膜尿素,	N-P-K(28-12-12)	600	37.5	37.5	微喷(水肥一体)
	JY903		控施氮≥23%)
	ND372
IAM+OM	JY604	7.80	缓控释肥(含PCU树脂包膜尿素,	N-P-K(28-12-12)	600	37.5	37.5	微喷(水肥一体)
	JY903		控施氮≥23%)	有机质含量≥45%,	15 000
	ND372		有机肥(羊粪)	NPK含量≥5%

处理名称 Treatment	品种 Cultivar	干物质量/(×10³kg/hm²) Dry matter weight		花后干物质积累量/(×10³kg/hm²) Dry matter accumulation after flowering	干物质转运贡献率/% Contribution rate of transported dry matter
处理名称 Treatment	品种 Cultivar	开花期 Anthesis	成熟期 Maturity stage		干物质转运贡献率/% Contribution rate of transported dry matter
FP	JYY767	8.3±0.2b	15.0±0.5d	6.7±0.4c	76.7±2.5c
IAM	JY604	9.9±0.6a	18.2±0.9c	8.2±0.7b	79.3±5.5bc
	JY903	10.7±0.8a	20.2±1.5b	9.4±1.1b	80.8±9.0b
	ND372	10.5±0.7a	18.3±1.6c	7.8±0.4bc	80.0±9.6b
IAM+OM	JY604	9.7±0.8a	22.7±0.4a	13.0±1.4a	93.6±4.1a
	JY903	10.9±0.8a	23.5±0.5a	12.5±1.0a	86.9±9.2ab
	ND372	9.8±0.9a	19.0±1.0bc	9.1±0.7b	83.7±4.8ab

处理名称 Treatment	品种 Cultivar	干物质量/(×10³kg/hm²) Dry matter weight		花后干物质积累量/(×10³kg/hm²) Dry matter accumulation after flowering	干物质转运贡献率/% Contribution rate of transported dry matter
处理名称 Treatment	品种 Cultivar	开花期 Anthesis	成熟期 Maturity stage		干物质转运贡献率/% Contribution rate of transported dry matter
FP	JYY767	8.3±0.2b	15.0±0.5d	6.7±0.4c	76.7±2.5c
IAM	JY604	9.9±0.6a	18.2±0.9c	8.2±0.7b	79.3±5.5bc
	JY903	10.7±0.8a	20.2±1.5b	9.4±1.1b	80.8±9.0b
	ND372	10.5±0.7a	18.3±1.6c	7.8±0.4bc	80.0±9.6b
IAM+OM	JY604	9.7±0.8a	22.7±0.4a	13.0±1.4a	93.6±4.1a
	JY903	10.9±0.8a	23.5±0.5a	12.5±1.0a	86.9±9.2ab
	ND372	9.8±0.9a	19.0±1.0bc	9.1±0.7b	83.7±4.8ab

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	品种 Cultivar	收获穗数/ (×10⁴穗/hm²) Spike number	穗粒数/个 Grain number per spike	千粒质量/g Thousand-grain weight	出籽率/% Seed yield rate	产量/(kg/hm²) Yield	增产率/% Yield increase rate
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	品种 Cultivar	收获穗数/ (×10⁴穗/hm²) Spike number	穗粒数/个 Grain number per spike	千粒质量/g Thousand-grain weight	出籽率/% Seed yield rate	产量/(kg/hm²) Yield	模式 Model	有机肥 Organic manure
2024	FP	JYY767	6.6±0.2b	439.3±11.0a	344.0±18.2b	80.0±0.2c	9 926.5±111.7c	—
	IAM	JY604	7.6±0.1a	417.3±3.8ab	361.4±12.2ab	81.8±1.1ab	11 530.9±427.9b	12.1	—
		JY903	7.3±0.2a	435.0±8.7a	368.4±22.5a	81.5±0.8abc	11 755.0±293.6ab		—
		ND372	7.5±0.1a	403.0±23.6b	361.7±5.2ab	80.2±1.2ab	10 623.4±637.3bc		—
	IAM+OM	JY604	7.6±0.1a	421.7±7.6a	382.1±2.6a	81.4±0.9abc	12 290.3±39.8a	17.3	6.6
		JY903	7.6±0.2a	434.0±15.5a	372.1±2.2a	82.6±0.7a	12 219.9±116.2a		3.9
		ND372	7.4±0.3a	426.0±20.1a	363.7±7.1ab	80.2±0.2ab	11 517.8±452.1b		8.4
2025	FP	JYY767	6.5±0.2b	480.4±11.0c	360.0±18.2b	78.0±0.2b	10 926.5±111.7c	—
	IAM	JY604	6.9±0.1a	591.8±3.8ab	409.4±12.2a	81.0±1.1a	12 568.5±427.9b	11.4	—
		JY903	7.0±0.2a	549.7±8.7b	389.0±22.5ab	79.3±0.8ab	12 223.5±293.6b		—
		ND372	7.0±0.1a	485.5±23.6c	415.4±5.2a	80.2±1.2ab	12 223.4±637.3b		—
	IAM+OM	JY604	6.9±0.1a	622.4±7.6a	419.1±2.6a	81.4±0.9a	13 500.0±39.8a	18.8	6.9
		JY903	7.0±0.2a	555.9±15.5b	394.9±2.2ab	80.0±0.7ab	13 470.0±116.2a		9.2
		ND372	6.8±0.3a	492.8±20.1c	411.0±7.1a	81.2±0.2a	13 440.0±452.1a		9.0

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