Characteristics of Rice Straw Decomposition,Nutrient Release,and Compositional Changes under Different Nitrogen Application Rates in Coastal Saline Paddy Soils

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20195839

Abstract

Abstract:

To clarify the alterations of rice straw decomposition,nutrients release and chemical components in coastal saline paddy soils under different nitrogen (N) application rate,for optimizing the technology of straw returning and realizing the efficient utilization of straw resources in coastal areas.The experimental site was located in Caofeidian District,Tangshan City,Hebei Province.The decomposition characteristics of rice straw and its lignocellulose,as well as the nutrient release characteristics of N,phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) were studied,using a 360-day straw-bag burying method with four different N fertilizer levels,including N0 (0 kg/ha),N1 (225 kg/ha),N2 (300 kg/ha) and N3 (375 kg/ha).Pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) method was used to study the dynamic alterations of principal chemical components of the rice straw residues.The results showed that:the decomposition period of rice straw was divided into three stages,namely,rapid decomposition (0—30 d),slow decomposition (30—210 d) and slow decomposition (210—360 d),and the average decomposition rate of rice straw was 72.5% after 360 days with different N application rates.Increasing N application significantly increased the decomposition rate of rice straw.Compared with the N0 treatment,the N1,N2 and N3 treatments,increased the straw decomposition rate by 6.1, 7.4 and 9.2 percentage points,respectively.The trend of straw carbon (C) release rate was similar to that of straw decomposition rate,while the C release rate was only 43.2% at the end of the experiment.The nutrient release rates of rice straw were as follows:K>P>N.The N,P and K rapid release periods of rice straw was in the 0—30th (38.4%),0—60th (63.7%) and 0—15th (76.7%) days after straw decomposition,respectively.Both N and P of rice straw were enriched during the decomposition period.N application significantly increased the release of N from straw during the decomposition period,P in the early (0—15 d) and late (150—360 d) period,and K in the early period (0—15 d).Compared with the N0 treatment,the N1,N2,and N3 treatments,increased the straw N release by 6.6, 11.1, and 14.7 percentage points,P release by 2.2, 4.0, and 5.6 percentage points,and K release by 1.4, 2.1, and 2.8 percentage points,respectively.The lignocellulose decomposition rates of rice straw were as follows:hemicellulose>cellulose>lignin.Increasing N application significantly promoted the cellulose and hemicellulose decomposition rate of rice straw from day 0—90 and the lignin decomposition rate after day 90.Compared with the N0 treatment,the N1,N2,and N3 treatments,increased the cellulose decomposition rate of rice straw by 5.4, 7.3, and 8.4 percentage points, hemicellulose decomposition rate by 4.9, 6.4, and 7.4 percentage points,and lignin decomposition rate by 2.1, 5.1, and 5.7 percentage points, respectively.2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol,hydroxyacetone,2,3-dihydrobenzofuran,acetosyringone,eugenol,n-hexadecanoic acid,p-methylphenol,2,6-dimethoxyphenol,guaiacol,p-ethylphenol,and stigmasta-3,5-diene were the major (>1% relative) chemical components of straw residues during the decomposition period.Correlation analyses showed that straw decomposition rate,C release rate and cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin decomposition rates,were significantly positively correlated with eugenol,acetosyringone and 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran,while significantly negatively correlated with hydroxyacetone;straw P release rate was significantly positively correlated with hydroxyacetone and significantly negatively correlated with p-ethylphenol,eugenol and acetosyringone;straw K release rate was significantly correlated with p-ethylphenol,eugenol,acetosyringone and 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran,while significantly positively correlated with hydroxyacetone.In conclusion,increasing N application could promote the decomposition rates of rice straw and its lignocellulosic cellulose,and the nutrients release of straw N,P and K in coastal saline paddy field.The recommended optimal N application rate was 300 kg/ha under straw returning 10 500 kg/ha in coastal saline soils.p-ethylphenol,eugenol,acetosyringone,2,3-dihydrobenzofuran,hydroxyacetone,and stigmasta-3,5-diene could indicate the process of straw decomposition in straw residues.Py-GC-MS technique shows a good capability to monitor the chemical components alterations of straw residues,further deepening the understanding of straw decomposition mechanism.

Key words: Rice straw decomposition, Nitrogen fertilizer application, Coastal saline paddy soils, Nutrient release, Py-GC-MS, Straw chemical composition

CLC Number:

DAI Xianglin, MA Ruiping, LI Hao, SUN Jianping, SHAN Nan, ZHAO Zijing, LIU Yahui, YAO Yutao, AI Chao, LI Yuyi, DONG Leiming. Characteristics of Rice Straw Decomposition,Nutrient Release,and Compositional Changes under Different Nitrogen Application Rates in Coastal Saline Paddy Soils[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2025, 40(6): 127-138. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195839.

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Figures/Tables 6

Fig.1 Schematic distribution of straw-bag and rice cultivation

Fig.2 Variation of soil temperature at 20 cm depth over time Arrows indicate the number of days after straw bags burial and the corresponding soil temperature.

Fig.3 Decomposition rate and carbon release rate of rice straw Different lowercase letters in the figure indicate significant differences (P<0.05) between indicators under different N application treatments at the same decomposition stage;different uppercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05) between indicators at different decomposition stages.The same as Fig.4—5.

Fig.4 Change of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium release rate and C/N of rice straw

Fig.5 Change of cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin decomposition rates of rice straw

Fig.6 Heatmap illustrating the changes in straw decomposition products (content>1%) under different nitrogen application treatments over time (A) and their correlation with decomposition rate indicators (B) A.The color of the circles from blue to red,indicating an increase in the content of the indicators from low to high; B.^*,^**,and^*** denote significance levels of P<0.05,P<0.01,and P<0.001,respectively.

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