The Effect of Organic Fertilizer on the Quality of Dry Direct-seeding Rice

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20192421

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to explore the changing law of dry direct-seeding rice quality under different organic fertilizer treatments,this experiment was conducted from 2018 to 2020.Longjing 31 was used as the test material.Treatments includes:zero fertilizer(N0),conventional fertilization(NPK),Biochar+conventional fertilization(OF1),seaweed bio-organic fertilizer+conventional fertilization(OF2),Jishiwang bio-organic fertilizer+conventional fertilization(OF3),attapulgite organic fertilizer+conventional fertilization(OF4).Changes in the processing quality,appearance quality,nutritional quality,and cooking and eating quality of dry direct-seeding rice were investigated.Compared with NPK,the head rice percentage of OF1,OF2,OF3,OF4 increased by 2.64 ,1.78,1.06,2.53 percentage points,respectively.The chalkiness degree of OF2 was the highest(1.82%),which was 0.11 percentage points higher than that of NPK.However,the chalkiness degree of OF1,OF3 and OF4 were lower than that of NPK,with an average decrease of 0.26,0.41,0.51 percentage points,respectively.There was no significant difference in grain length,grain width and length width ratio among the treatments.From 2019 to 2020,compared with NPK,organic fertilizer treatment increased protein content,but decreased amylose content;the protein contents of OF1,OF2,OF3 and OF4 were 8.99%,9.13%,9.08% and 9.16% respectively,which were 0.54,0.68,0.63,0.71 percentage points higher than those of NPK;the amylose content of OF1,OF2,OF3 and OF4 decreased by 0.20,0.64,0.69,0.38 percentage points,respectively;compared with NPK,the application of organic fertilizer at the initial stage could improve the luster,taste,flavor and taste value of dry-direct seeding rice,but long-term application of organic fertilizer would lead to poor cooking and eating quality;from 2019 to 2020,the average taste value of NPK treatment was 72.70,compared with NPK,OF1,OF2,OF3 and OF4 reduced the aroma,luster,taste,flavor and taste value of dry direct-seeding rice by 5.53%,6.40%,3.71% and 3.23%,respectively,but organic fertilizer increased the integrity of rice.In conclusion,long-term application of organic fertilizer can improve the processing quality,appearance quality and nutritional quality of dry direct-seeding rice,but it is not conducive to the formation of cooking and eating quality and reduce amylose content.

Key words: Rice, Dry direct-seeding, Organic fertilizer, Quality

XU Lingqi, GUO Xiaohong, ZHANG Jianing, ZHAO Yang, LI Xiaolei, LIU Shaofeng, CUI Zhiyuan, AN Yiliang, LÜ Yandong. The Effect of Organic Fertilizer on the Quality of Dry Direct-seeding Rice[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2022, 37(1): 137-146. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192421.

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References 37

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	糙米率 Brown rice percentage	精米率 Milled rice percentage	整精米率 Head rice percentage
2018	N0	81.39±0.66a	70.66±0.26a	65.84±0.36b
	NPK	80.83±0.50ab	71.02±1.69a	67.31±2.09ab
	OF1	80.33±0.18b	72.24±0.84a	69.53±0.88a
	OF2	81.12±0.48a	72.51±2.36a	68.65±2.77a
	OF3	81.23±0.50a	72.70±1.68a	69.28±1.88a
	OF4	81.11±0.45a	72.01±0.93a	68.78±1.25a
2019	N0	80.15±0.53a	70.56±0.14c	64.05±0.96b
	NPK	80.25±0.61a	71.69±0.25bc	64.80±0.93ab
	OF1	79.96±1.24a	72.63±1.60ab	65.45±1.00ab
	OF2	79.96±0.99a	72.95±1.04ab	64.99±0.22ab
	OF3	80.16±0.47a	72.96±0.24ab	65.56±0.65ab
	OF4	81.03±1.19a	73.71±1.46a	66.13±1.70a
2020	N0	69.71±1.19b	63.38±1.61c	53.43±1.12c
	NPK	78.12±0.85a	70.76±0.25b	60.67±0.59b
	OF1	77.69±0.49a	71.73±1.07ab	65.72±1.36a
	OF2	77.96±0.96a	71.09±1.01ab	64.48±1.10a
	OF3	77.63±0.54a	70.97±0.33ab	61.13±0.42b
	OF4	78.69±0.75a	72.34±0.82a	65.47±0.73a
F值 F value	T	21.80^**	24.56^**	34.63^**
	Y	187.66^**	27.22^**	150.63^**
	T×Y	23.35^**	6.84^**	11.98^**

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	糙米率 Brown rice percentage	精米率 Milled rice percentage	整精米率 Head rice percentage
2018	N0	81.39±0.66a	70.66±0.26a	65.84±0.36b
	NPK	80.83±0.50ab	71.02±1.69a	67.31±2.09ab
	OF1	80.33±0.18b	72.24±0.84a	69.53±0.88a
	OF2	81.12±0.48a	72.51±2.36a	68.65±2.77a
	OF3	81.23±0.50a	72.70±1.68a	69.28±1.88a
	OF4	81.11±0.45a	72.01±0.93a	68.78±1.25a
2019	N0	80.15±0.53a	70.56±0.14c	64.05±0.96b
	NPK	80.25±0.61a	71.69±0.25bc	64.80±0.93ab
	OF1	79.96±1.24a	72.63±1.60ab	65.45±1.00ab
	OF2	79.96±0.99a	72.95±1.04ab	64.99±0.22ab
	OF3	80.16±0.47a	72.96±0.24ab	65.56±0.65ab
	OF4	81.03±1.19a	73.71±1.46a	66.13±1.70a
2020	N0	69.71±1.19b	63.38±1.61c	53.43±1.12c
	NPK	78.12±0.85a	70.76±0.25b	60.67±0.59b
	OF1	77.69±0.49a	71.73±1.07ab	65.72±1.36a
	OF2	77.96±0.96a	71.09±1.01ab	64.48±1.10a
	OF3	77.63±0.54a	70.97±0.33ab	61.13±0.42b
	OF4	78.69±0.75a	72.34±0.82a	65.47±0.73a
F值 F value	T	21.80^**	24.56^**	34.63^**
	Y	187.66^**	27.22^**	150.63^**
	T×Y	23.35^**	6.84^**	11.98^**

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	垩白粒率/% Chalkiness rate	垩白度/% Chalkiness degree	粒长/mm Grain length	粒宽/mm Grain width	长宽比 Length-width ratio
2018	N0	0.92±0.13c	0.45±0.08b	4.62±0.05a	2.95±0.04a	1.57±0.01ab
	NPK	5.06±0.85a	2.50±0.91a	4.70±0.08a	2.97±0.05a	1.58±0.02a
	OF1	3.75±0.80b	1.93±0.39a	4.69±0.06a	2.97±0.03a	1.57±0.02ab
	OF2	4.75±1.16ab	2.61±0.71a	4.65±0.07a	3.00±0.01a	1.55±0.02b
	OF3	4.33±0.93ab	1.95±0.57a	4.65±0.06a	3.00±0.01a	1.55±0.02b
	OF4	3.70±0.64b	2.04±0.43a	4.69±0.02a	2.99±0.02a	1.57±0.01ab
2019	N0	0.79±0.28d	0.40±0.18b	4.40±0.01b	2.84±0.05b	1.55±0.03a
	NPK	2.66±0.46a	1.40±0.22a	4.50±0.01a	2.90±0.01a	1.55±0.01a
	OF1	1.96±0.43bc	1.34±0.53a	4.50±0.01a	2.86±0.05ab	1.57±0.03a
	OF2	2.42±0.31ab	1.47±0.37a	4.50±0.01a	2.89±0.02ab	1.56±0.01a
	OF3	2.00±0.27bc	1.11±0.11a	4.50±0.01a	2.90±0.01a	1.55±0.01a
	OF4	1.82±0.24c	1.04±0.11a	4.49±0.02a	2.87±0.05ab	1.56±0.03a
2020	N0	0.59±0.19b	0.36±0.14c	4.30±0.01b	2.76±0.05b	1.56±0.03ab
	NPK	1.90±0.25a	1.24±0.33a	4.36±0.05a	2.80±0.01ab	1.56±0.02ab
	OF1	1.75±0.22a	1.10±0.77ab	4.41±0.05a	2.82±0.03a	1.56±0.01ab
	OF2	1.72±0.25a	1.37±0.32a	4.40±0.01a	2.80±0.01ab	1.57±0.01a
	OF3	1.68±0.33a	0.87±0.09abc	4.40±0.01a	2.80±0.01ab	1.57±0.01a
	OF4	0.93±0.12b	0.52±0.19bc	4.36±0.05a	2.82±0.05a	1.54±0.02b
F值 F value	T	32.69^**	16.32^**	7.84^**	3.91^**	0.72
	Y	128.72^**	35.59^**	322.25^**	184.48^**	1.44
	T×Y	4.70^**	1.59	1.16	0.84	1.67

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	垩白粒率/% Chalkiness rate	垩白度/% Chalkiness degree	粒长/mm Grain length	粒宽/mm Grain width	长宽比 Length-width ratio
2018	N0	0.92±0.13c	0.45±0.08b	4.62±0.05a	2.95±0.04a	1.57±0.01ab
	NPK	5.06±0.85a	2.50±0.91a	4.70±0.08a	2.97±0.05a	1.58±0.02a
	OF1	3.75±0.80b	1.93±0.39a	4.69±0.06a	2.97±0.03a	1.57±0.02ab
	OF2	4.75±1.16ab	2.61±0.71a	4.65±0.07a	3.00±0.01a	1.55±0.02b
	OF3	4.33±0.93ab	1.95±0.57a	4.65±0.06a	3.00±0.01a	1.55±0.02b
	OF4	3.70±0.64b	2.04±0.43a	4.69±0.02a	2.99±0.02a	1.57±0.01ab
2019	N0	0.79±0.28d	0.40±0.18b	4.40±0.01b	2.84±0.05b	1.55±0.03a
	NPK	2.66±0.46a	1.40±0.22a	4.50±0.01a	2.90±0.01a	1.55±0.01a
	OF1	1.96±0.43bc	1.34±0.53a	4.50±0.01a	2.86±0.05ab	1.57±0.03a
	OF2	2.42±0.31ab	1.47±0.37a	4.50±0.01a	2.89±0.02ab	1.56±0.01a
	OF3	2.00±0.27bc	1.11±0.11a	4.50±0.01a	2.90±0.01a	1.55±0.01a
	OF4	1.82±0.24c	1.04±0.11a	4.49±0.02a	2.87±0.05ab	1.56±0.03a
2020	N0	0.59±0.19b	0.36±0.14c	4.30±0.01b	2.76±0.05b	1.56±0.03ab
	NPK	1.90±0.25a	1.24±0.33a	4.36±0.05a	2.80±0.01ab	1.56±0.02ab
	OF1	1.75±0.22a	1.10±0.77ab	4.41±0.05a	2.82±0.03a	1.56±0.01ab
	OF2	1.72±0.25a	1.37±0.32a	4.40±0.01a	2.80±0.01ab	1.57±0.01a
	OF3	1.68±0.33a	0.87±0.09abc	4.40±0.01a	2.80±0.01ab	1.57±0.01a
	OF4	0.93±0.12b	0.52±0.19bc	4.36±0.05a	2.82±0.05a	1.54±0.02b
F值 F value	T	32.69^**	16.32^**	7.84^**	3.91^**	0.72
	Y	128.72^**	35.59^**	322.25^**	184.48^**	1.44
	T×Y	4.70^**	1.59	1.16	0.84	1.67

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	蛋白质含量/% Protein content	直链淀粉含量/% Amylose content
2018	N0	7.10±0.01b	17.02±0.13c
	NPK	7.37±0.17ab	17.70±0.18ab
	OF1	7.20±0.12ab	17.92±0.10a
	OF2	7.62±0.21a	17.37±0.31b
	OF3	7.47±0.60ab	17.80±0.16a
	OF4	7.27±0.35ab	17.62±0.29ab
2019	N0	7.60±0.20b	16.70±0.29ab
	NPK	7.82±0.15b	16.92±0.21a
	OF1	8.80±0.14a	16.50±0.41ab
	OF2	9.02±0.13a	16.07±0.43c
	OF3	9.05±0.31a	16.15±0.24c
	OF4	9.07±0.05a	16.42±0.13bc
2020	N0	8.62±0.10b	15.85±0.44a
	NPK	9.07±0.22a	16.10±0.10a
	OF1	9.17±0.26a	15.97±0.17a
	OF2	9.22±0.10a	15.67±0.56a
	OF3	9.20±0.12a	15.62±0.25a
	OF4	9.25±0.26a	15.83±0.21a
F值 F value	T	24.33^**	6.31^**
	Y	352.35^**	227.20^**
	T×Y	7.49^**	2.99^**

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