The Influence of Early Weaning on Intestinal Immunity and the Expression of Amino Acid Transporter in Wuzhishan Piglets

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20195301

Abstract

Abstract:

The aim of the study was to investigate the stress changes in the intestinal tract of piglets after weaning and the effect on the expression of AA transporter carriers in the intestinal mucosa of Wuzhishan pigs.A total of 24 Wuzhishan piglets were used, which were slaughtered on 0 days of weaning,and 3,7 and 10 days after weaning, and serum, small intestinal segments and mucosa were collected. Their blood immunity indexes,small intestine morphology and intestinal mucosa AA transporter carrier-related gene expression were determined.The results showed that compared with the pre-weaning period,the intestinal villi were sparsely broken,the duodenal and ileal villi heights were reduced in the 3rd day after weaning,and the differences in the changes in the surface area of jejunal and ileal villi were significant.All the values of villi height improved after the 7th day after weaning; the content of serum total protein,albumin,globulin and glucose decreased significantly after weaning,and the differences in aspartate aminotransferase,total cholesterol,lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase content were significant; the changes in serum diamine oxidase,D-lactic acid and lipopolysaccharide were significant after weaning; the relative expression abundance of the small peptide transporter PepT1 increased in the order of duodenum,jejunum and ileum after weaning,the relative expression abundance of the acidic AA transporter EAAT3 was not significant in the intestine,the relative expression of the neutral AA transporters B⁰AT1,ASCT2,and rBAT was higher in the jejunum as well as in the ileum,and the basic AA transporters CAT1,y+LAT1 and 4F2hc,had reduced expression in the duodenum after weaning,and the vectors were relatively more stable in ileal expression.In summary,early weaning stress caused obvious intestinal changes such as shortening of villi and crypt hyperplasia in Wuzhishan piglets,and decreased the content of blood immunoproteins and diamine oxidase,D-lactic acid and lipopolysaccharides,etc.At the same time,the expression of intestinal AA transporter carriers was changed,especially in the 3rd day of the post-weaning period,and all the indexes changed significantly,but with the growth of weaning day old up to the 10th day of the weaning period,it gradually recovered,and the piglets' immunity increased,and the permeability of the intestinal mucosa increased.

Key words: Wuzhishan pig, Weaning stress, Intestinal tract, Amino acid transporter, Immunity

LI Yanjiao, YU Miao, LI Menghan, JIANG Zhiqiang, LANG Wenchao, KAN Yong, REN Zili, SUN Ruiping. The Influence of Early Weaning on Intestinal Immunity and the Expression of Amino Acid Transporter in Wuzhishan Piglets[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2024, 39(S1): 320-328. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195301.

/ / Recommend / Download Citations

URL: http://www.hbnxb.net/EN/10.7668/hbnxb.20195301

http://www.hbnxb.net/EN/Y2024/V39/IS1/320

Figures/Tables 6

References 41

[5]	余冰, 张克英, 郑萍, 毛湘冰, 陈代文. 猪营养与肠道健康[J]. 中国畜牧杂志, 2010, 46(15):73-76.
	Yu B, Zhang K Y, Zheng P, Mao X B, Chen D W. Research advances of nutrition on intestinal health of pigs[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Science, 2010, 46(15):73-76.
[6]	贺丹艳, 王新磊, 杨琳. 动物氨基酸代谢调控研究进展[J]. 饲料工业, 2011, 32(18):40-44.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-991X.2011.18.010.
	He D Y, Wang X L, Yang L. Research progress on regulation of amino acid metabolism in animals[J]. Feed Industry, 2011, 32(18):40-44.
[7]	刘称, 朱惠玲, 刘玉兰, 皮定安, 冷炜博, 王秀英, 吴欢听, 侯永清. 天冬氨酸对脂多糖刺激仔猪结肠黏膜结构和屏障功能的影响[J]. 中国畜牧杂志, 2015, 51(1):38-42.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0258-7033.2015.01.009.
	Liu C, Zhu H L, Liu Y L, Pi D A, Leng W B, Wang X Y, Wu H T, Hou Y Q. Effect of aspartate on colonic morphology and barrier function in piglets with lipopolysaccharide challenge[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Science, 2015, 51(1):38-42.
[8]	王珊珊. 血管紧张素转化酶2(ACE2)在断奶仔猪体内的表达分布及在胃酸分泌中的作用[D]. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2014.doi:10.7666/d.Y2975556.
	Wang S S. Study on Angiotensin Converting Enzyme2(ACE2) in Weaned Piglets:its expression profiles and function in the secretion of gastric acid[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University, 2014.
[9]	贺越, 赵圣国, 骆超超, 郑楠, 王加启. 动物氨基酸转运载体的研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2020, 47(3):744-753.doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2020.03.012.
	He Y, Zhao S G, Luo C C, Zheng N, Wang J Q. Research progress on animal amino acid transporter[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2020, 47(3):744-753.
[10]	曹婷. 五指山猪和长白猪肌肉发育差异的初步研究[D]. 海口: 海南大学, 2013.
	Cao T. Preliminary study on the difference of muscle development between Wuzhishan pig and Landrace pig[D]. Haikou: Hainan University, 2013.
[11]	张婷, 魏立民, 刘光亮, 王峰, 晁哲, 任钰为, 刘海隆, 郑心力, 黄丽丽, 孙瑞萍. 五指山猪和长白猪断奶仔猪肠道免疫性能及微生物多样性比较分析[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2023, 50(8):3113-3122.doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2023.08.009.
	Zhang T, Wei L M, Liu G L, Wang F, Chao Z, Ren Y W, Liu H L, Zheng X L, Huang L L, Sun R P. Comparative analysis of intestinal microbial diversity and immunity in the small intestine of weaned piglets from Wuzhishan pigs and Landrace pigs[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(8):3113-3122.
[12]	姚佳颖, 毛彦军, 王杉杉, 卢涵, 王博, 应琳琳, 李垚. 槲皮素对猪肠上皮细胞利用蛋白质的作用机制[J]. 动物营养学报, 2021, 33(1):553-562.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.01.056.
	Yao J Y, Mao Y J, Wang S S, Lu H, Wang B, Ying L L, Li Y. Mechanism of quercetin on protein availability in porcine intestinal epithelial cells[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2021, 33(1):553-562.
[13]	张宇峰, 田敏, 恒景会, 陈芳, 邓跃林, 管武太, 张世海. 支链氨基酸对断奶仔猪肠道和肌肉氨基酸转运载体表达的影响[J]. 中国畜牧杂志, 2020, 56(4):92-99.doi:10.19556/j.0258-7033.20190710-05.
	Zhang Y F, Tian M, Heng J H, Chen F, Deng Y L, Guan W T, Zhang S H. Effects of branched-chain amino acids on intestinal and muscular amino acid transporter expression of weaning piglets[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Science, 2020, 56(4):92-99.
[14]	Zhang J M, Zhao D, Yi D, Wu M J, Chen H B, Wu T, Zhou J, Li P, Hou Y Q, Wu G Y. Microarray analysis reveals the inhibition of intestinal expression of nutrient transporters in piglets infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus[J]. Scientific Reports, 2019, 9(1):19798.doi:10.1038/s41598-019-56391-1. pmid: 31875021
[15]	杨亚慧. 饲粮添加胆汁酸对ETEC感染断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道健康的影响[D]. 佛山: 佛山科学技术学院, 2022.doi:10.27960/d.cnki.gfskj.2022.000232.
	Yang Y H. Effects of dietary bile acids on growth performance and intestinal health of weaned piglets infected with ETEC[D]. Foshan: Foshan University, 2022.
[16]	彭影琦. L-茶氨酸对肠道吸收与转运氨基酸的调节作用及机制[D]. 长沙: 湖南农业大学, 2019.doi:10.27136/d.cnki.ghunu.2019.000675.
	Peng Y Q. Regulatory effect and mechanism of L- theanine on intestinal absorption and transport of amino acids[D]. Changsha: Hunan Agricultural University, 2019.
[17]	邹发兰. 固态发酵饲粮对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道健康的影响[D]. 广州: 华南农业大学, 2019.doi:10.27152/d.cnki.ghanu.2019.000251.
	Zou F L. Effects of solid-state fermented diet on growth performance and intestinal health of weaned piglets[D]. Guangzhou: South China Agricultural University, 2019.
[18]	涂枫, 郜平光, 李琦, 陈慧, 张峰, 陈锡山, 方晓敏. 日粮添加葡萄籽原花青素对断奶仔猪生长性能、血液指标及肠道损伤的影响[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2023, 51(13):197-202.doi:10.15889/j.issn.1002-1302.2023.13.030.
	Tu F, Gao P G, Li Q, Chen H, Zhang F, Chen X S, Fang X M. Effects of dietary supplementation of grape seed proanthocyanidins on growth performance,blood indices and intestinal damage in weaned piglets[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 51(13):197-202.
[19]	夏冰, 孟庆石, 解竞静, 吴维达, 冯潇慧, 唐湘方, 张宏福. 21日龄断奶对仔猪肠道形态、肠道通透性及肠黏膜屏障的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2018, 30(6):2097-2108.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.06.012.
	Xia B, Meng Q S, Xie J J, Wu W D, Feng X H, Tang X F, Zhang H F. Effects of weaning at 21 days of age on intestinal morphology,permeability and mucosal barrier of piglets[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2018, 30(6):2097-2108.
[20]	马龙飞, 周斌斌, 刘春雨, 陈顺, 王恬, 王超. 饲粮添加芦丁对断奶仔猪回肠形态结构和屏障功能的影响[J]. 畜牧与兽医, 2024, 56(2):7-14.
	Ma L F, Zhou B B, Liu C Y, Chen S, Wang T, Wang C. Effects of dietary rutin on the morphology and barrier function of ileum in weaned piglets[J]. Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 56(2):7-14.
[21]	张勇刚, 荣真, 赵晓燕, 付文艳, 董改香. 益生菌发酵复方中草药对育肥猪血清生化指标和抗氧化力的影响[J]. 中国饲料, 2023(14):26-29.doi:10.15906/j.cnki.cn11-2975/s.20231407.
	Zhang Y G, Rong Z, Zhao X Y, Fu W Y, Dong G X. The effect of probiotic fermented compound Chinese herbal medicine on serum biochemical indexes and antioxidant capacity in growing pigs[J]. China Feed, 2023(14):26-29.
[22]	陈雪颖, 王慧晟, 吴杰, 邓波, 刁新平. 饲粮中添加地衣芽孢杆菌和解淀粉芽孢杆菌对断奶仔猪生长性能及血液指标的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(7):2547-2556.doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.07.012.
	Chen X Y, Wang H S, Wu J, Deng B, Diao X P. Effects of dietary Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on growth performance and blood indicators of weaned piglets[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(7):2547-2556.
[23]	周向梅, 高得仪, 王清兰, 焦淑贤. 仔猪断奶应激对血液和生化的影响[J]. 中国兽医杂志, 1999, 25(9):6-8.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0529-6005.1999.09.002.
	Zhou X M, Gao D Y, Wang Q L, Jiao S X. Influence of weaning stress on blood and biochemical profiles in pigs[J]. Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 1999, 25(9):6-8.
[24]	宋凯, 单安山, 李建平. 不同配伍酶制剂添加于小麦日粮中对肉仔鸡生长和血液生化指标的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2004, 16(4):25-29.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267X.2004.04.005.
	Song K, Shan A S, Li J P. Effects of differert combiantions of enzyme preparation supplemented to wheat based diets on growth and serum biochemical values of broiler chickens[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2004, 16(4):25-29.
[25]	Li Q Z, Brendemuhl J H, Jeong K C, Badinga L. Effects of dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on growth and immune response of weanling pigs[J]. Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 2014, 56:7.doi:10.1186/2055-0391-56-7. pmid: 26290696
[26]	潘铃慧, 杨创锋, 梁翠玲, 张思铖, 林锶妮, 王宏, 江青艳, 朱灿俊. 酵母肽和枯草肽对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻率和肠道健康的影响[J]. 江西农业大学学报, 2024, 46(1):196-209.doi:10.3724/aauj.2024019.
	Pan L H, Yang C F, Liang C L, Zhang S C, Lin S N, Wang H, Jiang Q Y, Zhu C J. Effects of yeast peptides and subtilis peptides on growth performance,diarrhea rate and intestinal health of weaned piglets[J]. Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis, 2024, 46(1):196-209.
[27]	何志捷, 植耀炜, 黄超泰, 周明根, 邹子俊, 李伟超. 血清二胺氧化酶、D-乳酸和细菌内毒素在重症患者肠道功能评估中的作用[J]. 岭南现代临床外科, 2017, 17(4):400-403.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-976X.2017.04.005.
	He Z J, Zhi Y W, Huang C T, Zhou M G, Zou Z J, Li W C. Clinical significances of plasma diamineoxidase,D-lactate and endotoxin activity in critical ill patient with gastrointestinal dysfunction[J]. Lingnan Modern Clinics in Surgery, 2017, 17(4):400-403.
[28]	Aschenbach J R, Ahrens F, Schwelberger H G, Fürll B, Roesler U, Hensel A, Gäbel G. Functional characteristics of the porcine colonic epithelium following transportation stress and Salmonella infection[J]. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2007, 42(6):708-716.doi:10.1080/00365520601053297. pmid: 17505993
[29]	Murray M J, Barbose J J, Cobb C F. Serum D (-)-lactate levels as a predictor of acute intestinal ischemia in a rat model[J]. The Journal of Surgical Research, 1993, 54(5):507-509.doi:10.1006/jsre.1993.1078.
[30]	刘宁, 刘攀, 郎育杰, 卢小斌, 褚瑰燕, 曾祥芳, 谯仕彦, 蔡传江. 不同纤维源对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标、肠道通透性和粪便微生物的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2024, 36(2):833-846.doi:10.12418/CJAN2024.077.
	Liu N, Liu P, Lang Y J, Lu X B, Lu X B, Zhu G Y, Zeng X F, Qiao S Y, Cai C J. Effects of different fiber sources on growth performance,serum biochemical indices,intestinal permeability and fecal microorganisms of weaned piglets[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2024, 36(2):833-846.
[31]	Bröer S. Amino acid transport across mammalian intestinal and renal epithelia[J]. Physiological Reviews, 2008, 88(1):249-286.doi:10.1152/physrev.00018.2006. pmid: 18195088
[32]	王璐. 日粮蛋白源和蛋白水平对断奶仔猪肠道健康和肝脏代谢的影响[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2023.doi:10.27409/d.cnki.gxbnu.2023.002557.
	Wang L. Effects of dietary protein sources and protein levels on gut health and liver metabolism of weaned piglets[D]. Yangling: Northwest A&F University, 2023.
[33]	Morrison T B, Weis J J, Wittwer C T. Quantification of low-copy transcripts by continuous SYBR Green I monitoring during amplification[J]. BioTechniques, 1998, 24(6):954-958,960,962. pmid: 9631186
[34]	Yang C B, Yang X J, Fan M Z. Apical Na⁺-dependent neutral amino acid exchanger ASCT2 (ATB0) and mTOR-signaling components are expressed along the entire jejunal crypt-villus axis in young pigs fed a liquid milk replacer[J]. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 2017, 97(1):19-29. doi:10.1139/cjas-2016-0021.
[35]	Palacín M. A new family of proteins (rBAT and 4F2hc) involved in cationic and zwitterionic amino acid transport:a tale of two proteins in search of a transport function[J]. The Journal of Experimental Biology, 1994, 196:123-137.doi:10.1242/jeb.196.1.123.
[36]	Hyatt S L, Aulak K S, Malandro M, Kilberg M S, Hatzoglou M. Adaptive regulation of the cationic amino acid transporter-1 (cat-1) in fao cells[J]. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1997, 272(32):19951-19957.doi:10.1074/jbc.272.32.19951. pmid: 9242663
[37]	马壮壮, 马文锋, 焦国宝, 陈晓宇, 申慧媛, 鲁帆. 色氨酸调控生猪肠道屏障功能的研究进展[J]. 中国饲料, 2023(1):20-22.doi:10.15906/j.cnki.cn11-2975/s.2022030063-11.
	Ma Z Z, Ma W F, Jiao G B, Chen X Y, Shen H Y, Lu F. Research progress on tryptophan regulating intestinal barrier function in pigs[J]. China Feed, 2023(1):20-22.
[38]	石常友, 宾石玉, 褚武英, 唐万林, 陈敦学. 藏猪肠道不同部位CAT1、EAAC1和PepT1 mRNA的特异性分布[J]. 广西师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2009, 27(3):71-75.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-6600.2009.03.017.
	Shi C Y, Bin S Y, Chu W Y, Tang W L, Chen D X. CAT1,EAAC1 and PepT1 mRNA in small intestine in different parts of in specific distribution in Tibetan[J]. Journal of Guangxi Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 2009, 27(3):71-75.
[39]	周响艳, 左建军, 职爱民, 张常明, 黄志毅, 张艳, 王修启, 冯定远. 猪肠道碱性氨基酸转运载体(CAT1)mRNA表达的组织特异性和发育性变化[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2008, 39(2):170-175.doi:10.3321/j.issn:0366-6964.2008.02.007.
	Zhou X Y, Zuo J J, Zhi A M, Zhang C M, Huang Z Y, Zhang Y, Wang X Q, Feng D Y. Segmental distribution and ontogenetic regulation of cationic amino acid transporter mRNA expression in the small intestine of pigs[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2008, 39(2):170-175.
[1]	Tao S Y, Zou H C, Li J J, Wei H. Landscapes of enteric virome signatures in early-weaned piglets[J]. Microbiology Spectrum, 2022, 10(4):e0169822.doi:10.1128/spectrum.01698-22.
[2]	Spreeuwenberg M A, Verdonk J M, Gaskins H R, Verstegen M W. Small intestine epithelial barrier function is compromised in pigs with low feed intake at weaning[J]. The Journal of Nutrition, 2001, 131(5):1520-1527.doi:10.1093/jn/131.5.1520.
[3]	Boudry G, Péron V, Le Huèrou-Luron I, Lallès J P, Sève B. Weaning induces both transient and long-lasting modifications of absorptive,secretory,and barrier properties of piglet intestine[J]. The Journal of Nutrition, 2004, 134(9):2256-2262.doi:10.1093/jn/134.9.2256.
[4]	Landy J, Ronde E, English N, Clark S K, Hart A L, Knight S C, Ciclitira P J, Al-Hassi H O. Tight junctions in inflammatory bowel diseases and inflammatory bowel disease associated colorectal cancer[J]. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 2016, 22(11):3117-3126.doi:10.3748/wjg.v22.i11.3117. pmid: 27003989
[40]	Feng D Y, Zhou X Y, Zuo J J, Zhang C M, Yin Y L, Wang X Q, Wang T. Segmental distribution and expression of two heterodimeric amino acid transporter mRNAs in the intestine of pigs during different ages[J]. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2008, 88(6):1012-1018.doi:10.1002/jsfa.3182.
[41]	职爱民. 猪碱性氨基酸转运载体cDNA克隆及其mRNA表达与调控[D]. 广州: 华南农业大学, 2008.doi:10.7666/d.Y1278202.
	Zhi A M. Cloning of porcine cationic amino acid transporters cDNA and its mRNA expression and regulation[D]. Guangzhou: South China Agricultural University, 2008.

基因 Genes	引物序列(5'-'3) Primer sequence(5'-'3)	产物大小/bp Product size	退火温度/℃ Tm	参考文献 Reference
y+LAT1	F:GCCCATTGTCACCATCATC	216	54.0	姚佳颖等^[12]
	R:GAGCCCACAAAGAAAAGC
rBAT	F:TTTCCGCAATCCTGATGTTC	146	55.0	张宇峰等^[13]
	R:GGGTCTTATTCACTTGGGTC
ASCT2	F:GCCAGCAAGATTGTGGAGAT	206	56.9	Zhang等^[14]
	R:GAGCTGGATGAGGTTCCAAA
B0AT1	F:TCATCTTCCTCTTCTTCTTCGTG	155	58.0	杨亚慧^[15]
	R:CTTGACCTTCTGGGATTTGG
CAT1	F:TGCCCATACTTCCCGTCC	192	57.5	张宇峰等^[13]
	R:GGTCCAGGTTACCGTCAG
4F2hc	F:AGCAGCGTGACTGTGAAGG	174	56.9	杨亚慧^[15]
	R:TGGCGGATGTAGGAGAAGAG
EAAT3	F:AGCATGATCACAGGTGTCG	125	55.0	彭影琦^[16]
	R:CTCACAACTAACACAATACCTAGG
PepT1	F:CCCAGGCTTGCTACCCAC	144	55.0	邹发兰^[17]
	R:ACCCGATGCACTTGACGA
β-actin	F:CTGCGGCATCCACGAAACT	147	55.0	杨亚慧^[15]
	R:AGGGCCGTGATCTCCTTCTG

基因 Genes	引物序列(5'-'3) Primer sequence(5'-'3)	产物大小/bp Product size	退火温度/℃ Tm	参考文献 Reference
y+LAT1	F:GCCCATTGTCACCATCATC	216	54.0	姚佳颖等^[12]
	R:GAGCCCACAAAGAAAAGC
rBAT	F:TTTCCGCAATCCTGATGTTC	146	55.0	张宇峰等^[13]
	R:GGGTCTTATTCACTTGGGTC
ASCT2	F:GCCAGCAAGATTGTGGAGAT	206	56.9	Zhang等^[14]
	R:GAGCTGGATGAGGTTCCAAA
B0AT1	F:TCATCTTCCTCTTCTTCTTCGTG	155	58.0	杨亚慧^[15]
	R:CTTGACCTTCTGGGATTTGG
CAT1	F:TGCCCATACTTCCCGTCC	192	57.5	张宇峰等^[13]
	R:GGTCCAGGTTACCGTCAG
4F2hc	F:AGCAGCGTGACTGTGAAGG	174	56.9	杨亚慧^[15]
	R:TGGCGGATGTAGGAGAAGAG
EAAT3	F:AGCATGATCACAGGTGTCG	125	55.0	彭影琦^[16]
	R:CTCACAACTAACACAATACCTAGG
PepT1	F:CCCAGGCTTGCTACCCAC	144	55.0	邹发兰^[17]
	R:ACCCGATGCACTTGACGA
β-actin	F:CTGCGGCATCCACGAAACT	147	55.0	杨亚慧^[15]
	R:AGGGCCGTGATCTCCTTCTG

项目 Items	断奶0 d Weaning 0 days	断奶3 d Weaning 3 days	断奶7 d Weaning 7 days	断奶10 d Weaning 10 days
十二指肠Duodenum
绒毛高/μm Villus height	353.17±23.4bc	338.30±34.74c	433.40±38.1ab	456.25±9.72a
绒毛宽/μm Villus width	128.15±11.33a	134.31±7.82a	127.17±9.38a	144.07±5.54a
隐窝深/μm Crypt depth	308.05±30.57b	326.80±20.61ab	430.46±39.69a	400.73±40.79ab
绒毛高/隐窝深VH/CD	1.21±0.15a	1.08±0.16a	1.04±0.09a	1.22±0.16a
绒毛表面积/μm² Villus surface area	72 999.41±8 941.12b	73 526.33±9 502.81b	89 956.86±14 027.90ab	104 469.40±4 593.16a
空肠Jejunum
绒毛高/μm Villus height	249.10±37.6b	271.16±25.41b	399.85±48.87a	292.21±18.90b
绒毛宽/μm Villus width	92.13±6.54b	100.61±7.74ab	118.59±5.61a	110.36±3.32ab
隐窝深/μm Crypt depth	230.47±19.27a	271.94±26.83a	273.61±27.94a	263.18±10.56a
绒毛高/隐窝深VH/CD	1.10±0.16a	1.06±0.17a	1.52±0.21a	1.13±0.11a
绒毛表面积/μm² Villus surface area	38 415.49±8 078.93b	44 267.18±6 224.02b	75 940.91±10 785.72a	51 804.93±4 292.55b
回肠Ileum
绒毛高/μm Villus height	287.15±30.93ab	262.75±13.47b	281.57±32.02ab	363.48±28.10a
绒毛宽/μm Villus width	104.93±6.56a	106.35±6.21a	116.96±10.46a	128.09±6.28a
隐窝深/μm Crypt depth	228.87±35.35a	233.72±33.96a	273.94±48.91a	242.79±56.78a
绒毛高/隐窝深VH/CD	1.25±0.11ab	1.15±0.11ab	1.04±0.11b	1.61±0.26a
绒毛表面积/μm² Villus surface area	49 014.52±7 394.09ab	45 154.06±4 381.33b	54 938.85±10 775.26ab	74 852.95±7 998.98a

项目 Items	断奶0 d Weaning 0 days	断奶3 d Weaning 3 days	断奶7 d Weaning 7 days	断奶10 d Weaning 10 days
十二指肠Duodenum
绒毛高/μm Villus height	353.17±23.4bc	338.30±34.74c	433.40±38.1ab	456.25±9.72a
绒毛宽/μm Villus width	128.15±11.33a	134.31±7.82a	127.17±9.38a	144.07±5.54a
隐窝深/μm Crypt depth	308.05±30.57b	326.80±20.61ab	430.46±39.69a	400.73±40.79ab
绒毛高/隐窝深VH/CD	1.21±0.15a	1.08±0.16a	1.04±0.09a	1.22±0.16a
绒毛表面积/μm² Villus surface area	72 999.41±8 941.12b	73 526.33±9 502.81b	89 956.86±14 027.90ab	104 469.40±4 593.16a
空肠Jejunum
绒毛高/μm Villus height	249.10±37.6b	271.16±25.41b	399.85±48.87a	292.21±18.90b
绒毛宽/μm Villus width	92.13±6.54b	100.61±7.74ab	118.59±5.61a	110.36±3.32ab
隐窝深/μm Crypt depth	230.47±19.27a	271.94±26.83a	273.61±27.94a	263.18±10.56a
绒毛高/隐窝深VH/CD	1.10±0.16a	1.06±0.17a	1.52±0.21a	1.13±0.11a
绒毛表面积/μm² Villus surface area	38 415.49±8 078.93b	44 267.18±6 224.02b	75 940.91±10 785.72a	51 804.93±4 292.55b
回肠Ileum
绒毛高/μm Villus height	287.15±30.93ab	262.75±13.47b	281.57±32.02ab	363.48±28.10a
绒毛宽/μm Villus width	104.93±6.56a	106.35±6.21a	116.96±10.46a	128.09±6.28a
隐窝深/μm Crypt depth	228.87±35.35a	233.72±33.96a	273.94±48.91a	242.79±56.78a
绒毛高/隐窝深VH/CD	1.25±0.11ab	1.15±0.11ab	1.04±0.11b	1.61±0.26a
绒毛表面积/μm² Villus surface area	49 014.52±7 394.09ab	45 154.06±4 381.33b	54 938.85±10 775.26ab	74 852.95±7 998.98a

项目 Items	断奶0 d Weaning 0 days	断奶3 d Weaning 3 days	断奶7 d Weaning 7 days	断奶10 d Weaning 10 days
总蛋白含量(g/L) TP	56.39±1.46b	55.68±1.38b	68.62±3.29a	55.79±1.41b
白蛋含量白(g/L) ALB	56.98±1.52b	55.21±1.48b	70.15±3.30a	55.73±1.60b
球蛋白含量(g/L) GLB	21.43±1.23b	20.11±0.55b	32.90±2.39a	21.21±1.01b
葡萄糖含量(mmol/L) GLU	8.76±1.09a	8.00±0.69a	4.33±0.88b	7.33±0.84a
总胆固醇含量(mmol/L) TC	3.53±0.48a	2.85±0.35ab	2.39±0.18ab	2.10±0.14b
乳酸脱氢酶含量(U/L) LDH	934.38±128.41ab	673.50±66.93b	1 236.63±165.56a	744.50±90.88b
丙氨酸氨基转移酶含量(g/L) ALT	36.29±3.85a	52.00±2.81a	49.00±9.56a	41.50±2.45a
天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶含量(g/L) AST	70.83±9.90a	41.33±3.08b	82.00±14.24a	56.50±4.23ab

Please choose a citation manager

Content to export