Advances in Research on Cold Resistance of Rapeseed and Analysis of Rapeseed Breeding in Cold and Dry Regions of China

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20194305

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to have a clearer understanding of the research progress on cold resistance of winter rapeseed in cold and arid regions of China,and to provide theoretical support for breeding and production.The research progress of cold-resistance and cold-resistance breeding of winter rapeseed were summarized respectively from six aspects such as selection index and method,genetic law,breeding method,screening effect,germplasm classification and molecular mechanism research,and four aspects such as breeding method,breeding varieties,cold resistance classification and adaptability screening of varieties.Based on the analysis of the existing problems,six measures were put forward,such as creating germplasm resources by multiple ways,screening out core germplasm by comprehensive evaluation,carrying out research on cold-resistance mechanism and construction of innovation system of molecular design breeding,constructing breeding system and carrying out cold-resistance breeding by multiple ways,improving the adaptability of varieties by comprehensive screening,promoting varieties yield level and improving benefits by carrying out matching cultivation techniques,in order to promote the development of rapeseed production in cold and arid regions of our country.

Key words: Rape breeding, Cold and arid region, Research progress, Existing problems, Development suggestions

LI Jiming, ZHANG Yaowen, GUO Anqiang, ZHAI Lanju, LI Heping, LI Aiguo. Advances in Research on Cold Resistance of Rapeseed and Analysis of Rapeseed Breeding in Cold and Dry Regions of China[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2023, 38(S1): 131-144. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194305.

/ / Recommend / Download Citations

URL: http://www.hbnxb.net/EN/10.7668/hbnxb.20194305

http://www.hbnxb.net/EN/Y2023/V38/IS1/131

Figures/Tables 8

References 94

[38]	杨刚, 王丽萍, 孙万仓, 曾秀存, 刘自刚, 李学才, 方彦, 武军艳, 赵艳宁, 董红业, 王月. 白菜型冬春性油菜杂交后代抗寒性变异分析[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2015, 33(2):95-101.doi:10.16302/j.cnki.1000-7601.2015.02.016.
	Yang G, Wang L P, Sun W C, Zeng X C, Liu Z G, Li X C, Fang Y, Wu J Y, Zhao Y N, Dong H Y, Wang Y. Analyses of cold tolerance variations in filial generations of winter and spring turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.)[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2015, 33(2):95-101.
[39]	朱惠霞, 孙万仓, 邓斌, 燕妮, 武军艳, 范惠玲, 叶剑, 曾军, 刘雅丽, 张亚宏. 白菜型冬油菜品种的抗寒性及其生理生化特性[J]. 西北农业学报, 2007, 16(4):34-38.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1389.2007.04.007.
	Zhu H X, Sun W C, Deng B, Yan N, Wu J Y, Fan H L, Ye J, Zeng J, Liu Y L, Zhang Y H. Study on cold hardiness and its physiological and biochemical characteristics of winter turnip rape(Brassica campetris)[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica, 2007, 16(4):34-38.
[40]	张亚宏, 武军艳, 杨月蓉, 刘彩花, 丁艳, 朱世英, 赵亚. 白菜型冬油菜杂种后代群体抗寒性分析[J]. 甘肃农业科技, 2015(7):36-39. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2015.07.013.
	Zhang Y H, Wu J Y, Yang Y R, Liu C H, Ding Y, Zhu S Y, Zhao Y. Analysis on cold resistance of hybrid progeny of winter Bassica napus L.[J]. Gansu Agricultural Science and Technology, 2015(7):36-39.
[41]	钱武. 芥菜型冬油菜与甘蓝型冬油菜、白菜型冬油菜杂种变异分析[D]. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2016.
	Qian W. Analysis of hybrid variation among Brassica juncea,Brassica napus and Brassica campestris[D]. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2016.
[42]	曾秀存. 白菜型冬油菜抗寒生理响应与抗氧化酶基因表达分析[D]. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2015.
	Zeng X C. Physiological response to cold resistance and analysis of antioxidant enzyme gene expression in Chinese cabbage winter rape[D]. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2015.
[43]	武军艳, 刘海卿, 方彦, 刘自刚, 李学才, 陈奇, 赵艳宁, 方园, 孙万仓. 白菜型冬油菜品种抗寒性与内源ABA含量的关系[J]. 中国油料作物学报, 2017, 39(2):185-189. doi:10.7505/j.issn.1007-9084.2017.02.007.
	Wu J Y, Liu H Q, Fang Y, Liu Z G, Li X C, Chen Q, Zhao Y N, Fang Y, Sun W C. Relationship between cold resistance and ABA content of winter rapeseed(Brassica rapa L.)[J]. Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences, 2017, 39(2):185-189.
[44]	Burbulis N,Jonytienė V, Kuprienė R, Blinstrubienė A, Liakas V. Effect of abscisic acid on cold tolerance in Brassica napus shoots cultured in vitro[J]. Journal of Food,Agriculture and Environment,2010,8(1):698-701.
[45]	王凯音, 孙万仓, 刘自刚, 方彦, 杨刚, 马骊, 郭仁迪, 方圆, 侯献飞, 刘林波, 钱武, 刘海卿, 袁金海, 王治江. 不同抗寒性白菜型冬油菜杂交后代保护性酶活性与越冬率分析[J]. 西南农业学报, 2016, 29(11):2529-2535. doi:10.16213/j.cnki.scjas.2016.11.004.
	Wang K Y, Sun W C, Liu Z G, Fang Y, Yang G, Ma L, Guo R D, Fang Y, Hou X F, Liu L B, Qian W, Liu H Q, Yuan J H, Wang Z J. Analyses of protective enzyme activity and wintering rates in filial generations of different cold resistance winter rapeseed (Brassica rapa L.)[J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2016, 29(11):2529-2535.
[46]	陈奇, 袁金海, 孙万仓, 刘自刚, 赵新旺, 方彦, 武军艳, 李学才, 曾秀存, 米超, 蒲媛媛, 马骊, 赵艳宁, 方园, 许耀照. 低温胁迫下白菜型冬油菜与春油菜叶片光合特性及内源激素变化比较[J]. 中国油料作物学报, 2017, 39(1):37-46.doi:10.7505/j.issn.1007-9084.2017.01.006.
	Chen Q, Yuan J H, Sun W C, Liu Z G, Zhao X W, Fang Y, Wu J Y, Li X C, Zeng X C, Mi C, Pu Y Y, Ma L, Zhao Y N, Fang Y, Xu Y Z. Leaf photosynthetics and endogenous hormones of spring and winter rapa (Brassica rapa L.) under low temperature[J]. Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences, 2017, 39(1):37-46.
[47]	Huang Y, Hussain M A, Luo D, Xu H Z, Zeng C, Havlickova L, Bancroft I, Tian Z T, Zhang X K, Cheng Y, Zou X L, Lu G Y, Lü Y. A Brassica napus reductase gene dissected by associative transcriptomics enhances plant adaption to freezing stress[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2020, 11:971. doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.00971. pmid: 32676095
[48]	刘海卿, 孙万仓, 刘自刚, 王治江, 方园, 武军艳, 李学才, 方彦. 北方寒旱区白菜型冬油菜的越冬安全性及经济效益和生态效益[J]. 应用生态学报, 2015, 26(10):3035-3044.doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.20150921.029.
	Liu H Q, Sun W C, Liu Z G, Wang Z J, Fang Y, Wu J Y, Li X C, Fang Y. Safe wintering and economic and ecological benefit of winter rapeseed in dry and cold areas of Northern China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2015, 26(10):3035-3044.
[49]	孙万仓, 曾秀存, 刘自刚, 杨刚, 方彦, 武军艳, 李学才. 轮回选择对白菜型冬油菜抗寒性及经济性状的影响[J]. 中国油料作物学报, 2015, 37(4):443-452. doi:10.7505/j.issn.1007-9084.2015.04.003.
	Sun W C, Zeng X C, Liu Z G, Yang G, Fang Y, Wu J Y, Li X C. Effects of recurrent selection on cold tolerance and economic traits of Brassica rapa[J]. Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences, 2015, 37(4):443-452.
[50]	孔德晶, 王月, 孙万仓, 曾秀存, 方彦, 鲁美宏, 杨宁宁. 北方白菜型冬油菜F₂主要生理生化特性的变异与抗寒性相关分析[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(4):79-86. doi:10.11686/cyxb20140409.
	Kong D J, Wang Y, Sun W C, Zeng X C, Fang Y, Lu M H, Yang N N. Analysis of variation in physio-biochemical characteristics and cold resistance in winter rapeseed F₂ populations[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2014, 23(4):79-86.
[51]	赵艳宁, 米超, 孙万仓, 刘自刚, 武军艳, 方彦, 李学才, 刘海卿, 董云. 甘蓝型与白菜型冬油菜杂交 F₁代植物学性状及自交亲和性分析[J]. 草业学报, 2016, 25(3):108-119. doi:10.11686/cyxb2015103.
	Zhao Y N, Mi C, Sun W C, Liu Z G, Wu J Y, Fang Y, Li X C, Liu H Q, Dong Y. Analysis of botanical traits and self-compatibility in winter rapeseed Brassica napus and Brassica rapa and F₁ hybrid populations[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2016, 25(3):108-119.
[52]	卢晶, 张金文, 刘海卿, 宋展树, 乔岩, 王志伟, 王克婧. 北方白菜型冬油菜越冬率、产量及相关性状杂种优势分析[J]. 西南农业学报, 2016, 29(9):2020-2026. doi:10.16213/j.cnki.scjas.2016.09.003.
	Lu J, Zhang J W, Liu H Q, Song Z S, Qiao Y, Wang Z W, Wang K J. Heterosis analysis of overwintering rate,yield and related traits of Brassica rape winter rape in the North China[J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2016, 29(9):2020-2026.
[53]	闫蕾, 蔡俊松, 高立兵, 黄斌, 马海清, 刘清云, 戴熙燕, 张学昆, 程勇, 邹锡玲. 甘蓝型油菜抗寒性鉴定方法的建立和种质资源筛选[J]. 中国油料作物学报, 2018, 40(1):74-83. doi:10.7505/j.issn.1007-9084.2018.01.010.
	Yan L, Cai J S, Gao L B, Huang B, Ma H Q, Liu Q Y, Dai X Y, Zhang X K, Cheng Y, Zou X L. Identification method and selection of cold tolerance in rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)[J]. Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences, 2018, 40(1):74-83.
[54]	祁伟亮. 活性氧在强抗寒甘蓝型冬油菜生长发育和冷胁迫下信号传导的作用机制[D]. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2021.doi:10.27025/d.cnki.ggsnu.2021.000037.
	Qi W L. Mechanism of reactive oxygen species in the growth and development of winter rape with strong cold resistance and signal transduction under cold stress[D]. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2021.
[55]	曹小东, 刘自刚, 米文博, 徐春梅, 邹娅, 徐明霞, 郑国强, 方新玲, 崔小茹, 董小云, 米超, 陈其鲜. 甘蓝型冬油菜北移种植的适应性分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(20):4164-4176. doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.20.006.
	Cao X D, Liu Z G, Mi W B, Xu C M, Zou Y, Xu M X, Zheng G Q, Fang X L, Cui X R, Dong X Y, Mi C, Chen Q X. Analysis on the adaptability of northward planting of Brassica napus[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(20):4164-4176.
[56]	王万鹏. 白菜型冬油菜适应低温过程中的DNA甲基化响应[D]. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2021.doi:10.27025/d.cnki.ggsnu.2021.000221.
	Wang W P. Response of DNA methylation in winter rape of Chinese cabbage to low temperature[D]. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2021.
[57]	方彦, 杨刚, 孙万仓, 王丽萍, 张树娟, 杨建胜, 刘林波, 刘自刚, 曾秀存, 武军艳. 北方地区白菜型冬油菜与春油菜的SSR和InDel遗传多样性分析[J]. 中国油料作物学报, 2015, 37(1):21-26.doi:10.7505/j.issn.1007-9084.2015.01.004.
	Fang Y, Yang G, Sun W C, Wang L P, Zhang S J, Yang J S, Liu L B, Liu Z G, Zeng X C, Wu J Y. Genetic diversity of winter-type and spring-type turnip rape(Brassia rapa L.) in North China by in Del and SSR markers[J]. Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences, 2015, 37(1):21-26.
[58]	张俊杰. 白菜型冬油菜抗寒性的遗传及SSR标记与蛋白质表达分析[D]. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2011.
	Zhang J J. Analysis on genetic,ssr marker and protein expression of cold hardiness in winter Brassica rapa[D]. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2011.
[59]	许耀照. 白菜型冬油菜抗寒生理基础及分子机理研究[D]. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2020.doi:10.27025/d.cnki.ggsnu.2020.000066.
	Xu Y Z. Study on physiological basis and molecular mechanism of cold resistance of Chinese cabbage winter rape[D]. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2020.
[60]	Lin C T, Thomsahow M F. A cold-regulated Arabidopsis gene encodes a polypeptide having potent cryoprotective activity[J]. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 1992, 183(3):1103-1108.doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(05)80304-3. pmid: 1567390
[61]	张腾国, 常燕, 王娟, 王宁, 王圆圆, 陈琼琼, 孙万仓. 油菜BnICE1的克隆及表达分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(1):205-214.doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.01.024.
	Zhang T G, Chang Y, Wang J, Wang N, Wang Y Y, Chen Q Q, Sun W C. Cloning and expression analysis of a BnICE1 from Brassica napus L.[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(1):205-214.
[62]	李萍, 聂亭亭, 张腾国, 郑晟, 王娟, 毛玉珊. 白菜型油菜MPK12基因克隆及表达分析[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, 45(5):26-33,40. doi:10.13207/j.cnki.jnwafu.2017.05.005.
	Li P, Nie T T, Zhang T G, Zheng S, Wang J, Mao Y S. Clone and characterization of MPK12 gene from Brassica campestris[J]. Journal of Northwest A&F University (Natural Science Edition), 2017, 45(5):26-33,40.
[63]	Du C F, Hu K N, Xian S S, Liu C Q, Fan J C, Tu J X, Fu T D. Dynamic transcriptome analysis reveals AP2/ERF transcription factors responsible for cold stress in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)[J]. Molecular Genetics and Genomics, 2016, 291(3):1053-1067. doi:10.1007/s00438-015-1161-0. URL
[64]	Dahal K, Gadapati W, Savitch L V, Singh J, H ner N P A. Cold acclimation and BnCBF17-over-expression enhance photosynthetic performance and energy conversion efficiency during long-term growth of Brassica napus under elevated CO₂ conditions[J]. Planta, 2012, 236(5):1639-1652. doi:10.1007/s00425-012-1710-2. URL
[65]	曾秀存, 孙万仓, 方彦, 刘自刚, 董云, 孙佳, 武军艳, 张鹏飞, 史鹏辉, 孔德晶, 张腾国, 何丽, 赵彩霞. 白菜型冬油菜抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)基因的克隆、表达及其活性分析[J]. 作物学报, 2013, 39(8):1400-1408.doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2013.01400.
	Zeng X C, Sun W C, Fang Y, Liu Z G, Dong Y, Sun J, Wu J Y, Zhang P F, Shi P H, Kong D J, Zhang T G, He L, Zhao C X. Cloning,expression,and activity analysis of ascorbate peroxidase (APX)gene from winter turnip rape (Brassica campestris L.)[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2013, 39(8):1400-1408. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2013.01400 URL
[66]	马骊, 袁金海, 孙万仓, 刘自刚, 曾秀存, 武军艳, 方彦, 李学才, 陈奇, 许耀照, 蒲媛媛, 刘海卿, 杨刚, 刘林波. 白菜型冬油菜类甜蛋白的筛选、克隆及其在低温胁迫下的表达[J]. 作物学报, 2017, 43(4):620-628.doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2017.00620.
	Ma L, Yuan J H, Sun W C, Liu Z G, Zeng X C, Wu J Y, Fang Y, Li X C, Chen Q, Xu Y Z, Pu Y Y, Liu H Q, Yang G, Liu L B. Selection and cloning of thaumatin-like protein (TLP)gene from winter Brassica rapa and its expression under low temperature stress[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2017, 43(4):620-628. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2017.00620 URL
[67]	曾秀存, 孙万仓, 孙佳, 许耀照, 方彦, 史鹏辉, 杨刚, 孔德晶, 武军艳, 刘自刚. 白菜型冬油菜铁超氧化物歧化酶(Fe-SOD)基因的克隆及表达分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(21):4603-4611. doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.21.024.
	Zeng X C, Sun W C, Sun J, Xu Y Z, Fang Y, Shi P H, Yang G, Kong D J, Wu J Y, Liu Z G. Cloning and expression analysis of Fe superoxide dismutase (Fe-SOD)gene from winter turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.)[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(21):4603-4611.
[68]	曾秀存, 刘自刚, 史鹏辉, 许耀照, 孙佳, 方彦, 杨刚, 武军艳, 孔德晶, 孙万仓. 白菜型冬油菜铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu/Zn-SOD)基因的克隆及其在低温条件下的表达[J]. 作物学报, 2014, 40(4):636-643. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.00636.
	Zeng X C, Liu Z G, Shi P H, Xu Y Z, Sun J, Fang Y, Yang G, Wu J Y, Kong D J, Sun W C. Cloning and expression analysis of copper and zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD)gene from Brassica campestris L.[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2014, 40(4):636-643. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.00636 URL
[69]	马骊, 白静, 赵玉红, 孙柏林, 侯献飞, 方彦, 王旺田, 蒲媛媛, 刘丽君, 徐佳, 陶肖蕾, 孙万仓, 武军艳. 冷胁迫下甘蓝型冬油菜表达蛋白及BnGSTs基因家族的鉴定与分析[J]. 作物学报, 2023, 49(1):153-166. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.14207.
	Ma L, Bai J, Zhao Y H, Sun B L, Hou X F, Fang Y, Wang W T, Pu Y Y, Liu L J, Xu J, Tao X L, Sun W C, Wu J Y. Protein and physiological differences under cold stress,and identification and analysis of BnGSTs in Brassica napus L.[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(1):153-166. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.14207
[70]	赵玉红, 马骊, 常瑜, 白静, 蒲媛媛, 牛早霞, 金姣姣, 柴昊, 朵茂惠, 刘丽君, 武军艳, 方彦, 李学才, 孙万仓. STM和CUC2基因对不同抗寒性白菜型冬油菜生长点的调控研究[J]. 中国油料作物学报, 2019, 41(2):157-165. doi:10.7505/j.issn.1007-9084.2019.02.001.
	Zhao Y H, Ma L, Chang Y, Bai J, Pu Y Y, Niu Z X, Jin J J, Chai H, Duo M H, Liu L J, Wu J Y, Fang Y, Li X C, Sun W C. Regulation of STM and CUC2 genes on apical meristem of cold-resistant winter Brassica rapa[J]. Chinese Journal of 0i1 Crop Sciences, 2019, 41(2):157-165.
[71]	马骊, 孙万仓, 袁金海, 刘自刚, 武军艳, 方彦, 许耀照, 蒲媛媛, 白静, 董小云, 何辉立. 白菜型冬油菜β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因在低温胁迫下的表达[J]. 植物学报, 2017, 52(5):568-578.doi:10.11983/CBB16225.
	Ma L, Sun W C, Yuan J H, Liu Z G, Wu J Y, Fang Y, Xu Y Z, Pu Y Y, Bai J, Dong X Y, He H L. Expression analysis of β-1,3-glucanase gene from winter Brassica rapa under low temperature stress[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2017, 52(5):568-578.
[72]	赵艳宁. 白菜型冬油菜响应低温胁迫的蛋白质组及转录组分析[D]. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2020.doi:10.27025/d.cnki.ggsnu.2020.00017.
	Zhao Y N. Analysis of protein group and transcriptome of Chinese cabbage winter rape in response to low temperature stress[D]. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2020.
[73]	马骊. 白菜型冬油菜响应冷胁迫的分子机理研究[D]. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2019.doi:10.27025/d.cnki.ggsnu.2019.000042.
	Ma L. Study on molecular mechanism of winter rape in Chinese cabbage in response to cold stress[D]. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2019.
[74]	Chen L, Zhong H, Ren F, Guo Q Q, Hu X P, Li X B. A novel cold-regulated gene,COR25,of Brassica napus is involved in plant response and tolerance to cold stress[J]. Plant Cell Reports, 2011, 30(4):463-471. doi:10.1007/s00299-010-0952-3. URL
[75]	伍小琴, 王有艺, 童奕凯, 张建丰, 顾斌洁, 徐帆, 任峰. BnPHR1转基因油菜低温抗性机制探究[J]. 中国油料作物学报, 2022, 44(4):751-761. doi:10.19802/j.issn.1007-9084.2021134.
	Wu X Q, Wang Y Y, Tong Y K, Zhang J F, Gu B J, Xu F, Ren F. Resistance to low temperature stresses of BnPHR1 overexpressing transgenic Brassica napus[J]. Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences, 2022, 44(4):751-761.
[76]	张腾国, 王圆圆, 王娟, 王宁, 张艳, 孙万仓, 陈琼琼, 夏惠娟. 油菜BnMKK2基因的克隆及表达分析[J]. 植物研究, 2012, 32(5):578-583.doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2012.05.013.
	Zhang T G, Wang Y Y, Wang J, Wang N, Zhang Y, Sun W C, Chen Q Q, Xia H J. Cloning and real-time expression analysis of a novel MAPK kinase gene BnMKK2 in Brassica napus[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2012, 32(5):578-583.
[77]	张腾国, 王宁, 王娟, 王圆圆, 张艳, 孙万仓, 常燕, 夏惠娟. 油菜BnMKK4全长基因的克隆及表达分析[J]. 植物生理学报, 2012, 48(5):491-498.doi:10.13592/j.cnki.ppj.2012.05.004.
	Zhang T G, Wang N, Wang J, Wang Y Y, Zhang Y, Sun W C, Chang Y, Xia H J. Cloning and expression analysis of a BnMKK4 gene from Brassica napus L.[J]. Plant Physiology Journal, 2012, 48(5):491-498. doi: 10.1111/ppl.1980.48.issue-4 URL
[78]	张腾国, 王娟, 王圆圆, 王宁, 常燕, 张艳, 陈琼琼, 孙万仓. 油菜BnHMGB2基因的克隆及表达分析[J]. 植物研究, 2012, 32(6):724-730.doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2012.06.016.
	Zhang T G, Wang J, Wang Y Y, Wang N, Chang Y, Zhang Y, Chen Q Q, Sun W C. Cloning and expression analysis of BnHMGB2 gene in Brassica napus[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2012, 32(6):724-730.
[79]	张腾国, 李瑶, 刁志宏, 史中飞, 王娟, 郑晟. 白菜型油菜RbohC和RbohF基因克隆与表达分析[J]. 西北植物学报, 2018, 38(10):1767-1776. doi:10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.2018.10.1767.
	Zhang T G, Li Y, Diao Z H, Shi Z F, Wang J, Zheng S. Cloning and expression analysis of RbohC and RbohF genes in Brassica rapa L.[J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2018, 38(10):1767-1776.
[80]	刘海卿, 孙万仓, 刘自刚, 武军艳, 杨建胜, 钱武, 赵艳宁, 刘林波. 北方旱寒区白菜型冬油菜品种抗寒性与适应性分析[J]. 西北农业学报, 2014, 23(6):109-117. doi:10.7606/j.issn.1004-1389.2014.06.017.
	Liu H Q, Sun W C, Liu Z G, Wu J Y, Yang J S, Qian W, Zhao Y N, Liu L B. Analysis of cold hardness adaptability of winter rapeseed (Brassica rapa L.) in the cold and arid regions of Northern China[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica, 2014, 23(6):109-117.
[81]	李爱国, 李积铭, 李和平, 刘桂华, 宋聪敏, 武军艳. 适宜河北省旱寒区的冬油菜品种的筛选[J]. 生物技术通报, 2020, 36(1):95-100. doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2019-0890.
	Li A G, Li J M, Li H P, Liu G H, Song C M, Wu J Y. Selection of winter rape varieties suitable for cold and dry areas in Hebei Province[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2020, 36(1):95-100.
[82]	郑国强, 郭敏明, 魏家萍, 米文博, 徐春梅, 徐明霞, 邹娅, 曹小东, 方新玲, 崔小茹, 董小云, 米超, 陈其鲜, 刘自刚. 强冬性区白菜型冬油菜品质和产量相关性状变异分析[J]. 种子, 2020, 39(10):23-31. doi:10.16590/j.cnki.1001-4705.2020.10.023.
	Zheng G Q, Guo M M, Wei J P, Mi W B, Xu C M, Xu M X, Zou Y, Cao X D, Fang X L, Cui X R, Dong X Y, Mi C, Chen Q X, Liu Z G. Variation analysis of quality and yield-related characters of cabbage-type winter rapeseed (Brassica rape L.) in strong winter region[J]. Seed, 2020, 39(10):23-31.
[83]	郑国强, 刘自刚, 魏家萍, 李诚德, 曹小东, 方新玲, 董小云, 李辉, 米文博, 徐春梅, 徐明霞, 邹娅. 北方强冬性区白菜型冬油菜临界安全越冬率及产量补偿效应分析[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2021, 39(5):19-28. doi:10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2021.05.03.
	Zheng G Q, Liu Z G, Wei J P, Li C D, Cao X D, Fang X L, Dong X Y, Li H, Mi W B, Xu C M, Xu M X, Zou Y. The critical safe overwintering and yield compensation effect of winter rapeseed (Brassica rapa L.) in strong winter region of North China[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2021, 39(5):19-28.
[84]	刘秦, 姚正良, 缪纯庆, 姚瑶, 毛成志, 孙万仓. 寒旱区白菜型冬油菜适应性及利用研究[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2018, 36(6):56-62,130. doi:10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2018.06.09.
	Liu Q, Yao Z L, Miao C Q, Yao Y, Mao C Z, Sun W C. Adaptability and utilization of cabbage-type winter rapeseed in the cold-arid regions[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2018, 36(6):56-62,130.
[85]	孙万仓, 刘海卿, 刘自刚, 武军艳, 李学才, 方彦, 曾秀存, 许耀照, 张亚宏, 董云. 北方寒旱区白菜型冬油菜安全越冬的临界指标分析[J]. 作物学报, 2016, 42(4):609-618.doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2016.00609.
	Sun W C, Liu H Q, Liu Z G, Wu J Y, Li X C, Fang Y, Zeng X C, Xu Y Z, Zhang Y H, Dong Y. Critical index analysis of safe over-wintering rate of winter rapeseed (Brassica rapa)in cold and arid region in North China[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2016, 42(4):609-618. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2016.00609 URL
[86]	金姣姣, 侯献飞, 李强, 贾东海, 顾元国, 王轩, 曾瑞, 蒲媛媛, 武军艳, 方彦, 李学才, 马骊, 刘丽君, 孙万仓. 影响北方白菜型冬油菜主要农艺性状变异的气象因子分析[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2020, 22(3):140-151. doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0686.
	Jin J J, Hou X F, Li Q, Jia D H, Gu Y G, Wang X, Zeng R, Pu Y Y, Wu J Y, Fang Y, Li X C, Ma L, Liu L J, Sun W C. Analysis of meteorological factors influencing the variation of main agronomic traits of northern winter rapeseed (Brassica rapa L.)[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2020, 22(3):140-151.
[87]	刘立峰, 马国治, 刘维, 姚震, 许志斌. 宁夏银北地区白菜型冬油菜品种比较研究[J]. 宁夏农林科技, 2011, 52(4):69-70.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-204X.2011.04.033.
	Liu L F, Ma G Z, Liu W, Yao Z, Xu Z B. Comparative study on winter rape varieties of cabbage type in Yinbei area of Ningxia[J]. Ningxia Journal of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology, 2011, 52(4):69-70.
[88]	耿以工, 张建学, 杨润德. 白菜型冬油菜品种在天津地区的适应性研究[J]. 天津农业科学, 2012, 18(1):136-139. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2012.01.035.
	Geng Y G, Zhang J X, Yang R D. Study on the adaptability of winter rape varieties in Tianjin[J]. Tianjin Agricultural Sciences, 2012, 18(1):136-139.
[89]	陈姣荣, 孙万仓, 方彦, 曾秀存, 武军艳, 李学才, 何丽, 赵彩霞, 史朋辉. 白菜型冬油菜在北方寒旱区的适应性分析[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2012, 30(6):17-22,31.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-7601.2012.06.003.
	Chen J R, Sun W C, Fang Y, Zeng X C, Wu J Y, Li X C, He L, Zhao C X, Shi P H. Analysis of adaptility of Brassica rapa winter rape cultivars in cold and dry regions of North China[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2012, 30(6):17-22,31.
[90]	李强, 顾元国, 贾东海, 陈跃华. 新疆旱寒区种植冬性甘蓝型和白菜型油菜的可行性[J]. 西北农业学报, 2011, 20(7):106-111.doi:10.7606/j.issn.1004-1389.2011.07.022.
	Li Q, Gu Y G, Jia D H, Chen Y H. Study on introduction possibility of winter rapeseed to dry and cold areas in Xinjiang China[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica, 2011, 20(7):106-111.
[91]	贾东海, 李强, 顾元国, 王娟, 陈跃华. 冬油菜新品种筛选及灰色综合评判[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2012, 49(5):815-819.doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2012.05.006.
	Jia D H, Li Q, Gu Y G, Wang J, Chen Y H. Screening of new winter rapeseed varieties and gray comprehensive evaluation[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2012, 49(5):815-819.
[92]	刘自刚, 孙万仓, 杨宁宁, 武军艳, 方彦, 李学才, 曾秀存, 王月. 不同生态条件下白菜型冬油菜性状差异分析[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2015, 33(4):49-58.doi:10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2015.04.08.
	Liu Z G, Sun W C, Yang N N, Wu J Y, Fang Y, Li X C, Zeng X C, Wang Y. Variations in quality and agronomic traits of winter rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.) grown in different ecological regions[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2015, 33(4):49-58.
[93]	方新玲, 李辉, 魏家萍, 董小云, 米文博, 郑国强, 曹小东, 李诚德, 岳瑶琴, 张斌峰, 刘高阳, 刘自刚. 白菜型冬油菜抗倒伏性评价及其与株型性状的相关分析[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2021, 39(5):1-10,28. doi:10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2021.05.01
	Fang X L, Li H, Wei J P, Dong X Y, Mi W B, Zheng G Q, Cao X D, Li C D, Yue Y Q, Zhang B F, Liu G Y, Liu Z G. Evaluation of lodging resistance and correlation analysis with plant architecture in winter rapeseed[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2021, 39(5):1-10,28.
[1]	孙万仓, 马卫国, 雷建民, 刘秦, 杨仁义, 武军艳, 王学芳, 叶剑, 曾军, 张亚宏, 康艳丽, 郭秀娟, 魏文惠, 杨杰, 蒲媛媛, 曾潮武, 刘红霞. 冬油菜在西北旱寒区的适应性和北移的可行性研究[J]. 中国农业科学, 2007, 40(12):2716-2726. doi:10.3321/j.issn:0578-1752.2007.12.008.
	Sun W C, Ma W G, Lei J M, Liu Q, Yang R Y, Wu J Y, Wang X F, Ye J, Zeng J, Zhang Y H, Kang Y L, Guo X J, Wei W H, Yang J, Pu Y Y, Zeng C W, Liu H X. Study on adaptation and introduction possibility of winter rapeseed to dry and cold areas in northwest China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2007, 40(12):2716-2726.
[2]	史鹏辉. 北方强冬性白菜型冬油菜抗寒性评价及抗寒机制研究[D]. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2013.
	Shi P H. Evaluation of cold tolerance and study on the cold tolerance mechanism on strong anti-cold north winter rapeseed(Brassica Rapa)[D]. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2013.
[3]	马骊, 孙万仓, 刘自刚, 赵艳宁, 杨刚, 刘海卿, 武军艳, 方彦, 李学才, 刘林波, 钱武, 侯献飞. 白菜型与甘蓝型冬油菜抗寒机理差异的研究[J]. 华北农学报, 2016, 31(1):147-154.doi:10.7668/hbnxb.2016.01.024.
	Ma L, Sun W C, Liu Z G, Zhao Y N, Yang G, Liu H Q, Wu J Y, Fang Y, Li X C, Liu L B, Qian W, Hou X F. Study of difference in mechanism of cold resistance of winter rapeseed of Brassica rape and Brassica napus[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2016, 31(1):147-154.
[4]	孙万仓, 武军艳, 曾军, 朱慧霞, 刘雅丽, 张亚宏. 8个白菜型冬油菜品种抗寒性的初步评价[J]. 湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2007, 33(S1):151-155.doi:10.13331/j.cnki.jhau.2007.s1.043.
	Sun W C, Wu J Y, Zeng J, Zhu H X, Liu Y L, Zhang Y. Primary evaluation of cold tolerance among eight winter Brassica rapa[J]. Journal of Hunan Agricultural University (Natural Sciences), 2007, 33(S1):151-155.
[5]	孙万仓, 武军艳, 方彦, 刘秦, 杨仁义, 马维国, 李学才, 张俊杰, 张鹏飞, 曹建明, 孙佳. 北方旱寒区北移冬油菜生长发育特性[J]. 作物学报, 2010, 36(12):2124-2134. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2010.02124.
	Sun W C, Wu J Y, Fang Y, Liu Q, Yang R Y, Ma W G, Li X C, Zhang J J, Zhang P F, Cao J M, Sun J. Growth and development characteristics of winter rapeseed northern-extended from the cold and arid regions in China[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2010, 36(12):2124-2134. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2010.02124 URL
[94]	Liu Z G, Sun W C, Zhao Y N, Li X C, Fang Y, Wu J Y, Zeng X C, Yang N N, Wang Y, He L. Effects of low nocturnal temperature on photosynthetic characteristics and chloroplast ultrastructure of winter rapeseed[J]. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 2016, 63(4):451-460. doi:10.1134/s1021443716040099. URL
[6]	武军艳, 方彦, 张朋飞, 杨月蓉, 孙万仓, 刘自刚, 李学才. 北方旱寒区冬油菜根系抗寒指标分析[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2014, 32(6):250-255.doi:10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2014.06.041.
	Wu J Y, Fang Y, Zhang P F, Yang Y R, Sun W C, Liu Z G, Li X C. Analysis of cold-tolerant characters of winter rape roots in northern arid-cold area[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2014, 32(6):250-255.
[7]	王丽萍, 杨刚, 孙万仓, 张正丽, 王月, 董红业, 赵艳宁, 孔德晶, 鲁美宏, 杨宁宁, 刘自刚, 方彦, 武军艳. 白菜型冬油菜和春油菜杂交后代抗寒性与植物学特性[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2015, 33(4):291-296.doi:10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2015.04.44.
	Wang L P, Yang G, Sun W C, Zhang Z L, Wang Y, Dong H Y, Zhao Y N, Kong D J, Lu M H, Yang N N, Liu Z G, Fang Y, Wu J Y. Cold resistance and botanical characteristics of the hybrid prgeny between winter and spring turnip rapes (Brassica campestris L.)[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2015, 33(4):291-296.
[8]	王学芳. 我国西北白菜型和甘蓝型冬油菜品种抗寒性研究[D]. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2009.doi:10.7666/d.y1559167.
	Wang X F. Study on cold resistance of winter rape varieties of Chinese cabbage and cabbage in northwest China[D]. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2009.
[9]	刘海卿, 孙万仓, 刘自刚, 武军艳, 钱武, 王志江, 郭仁迪, 马骊, 侯献飞, 刘林波. 北方寒旱区白菜型冬油菜抗寒性与抗旱性评价及其关系[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(18):3743-3756.doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.18.018.
	Liu H Q, Sun W C, Liu Z G, Wu J Y, Qian W, Wang Z J, Guo R D, Ma L, Hou X F, Liu L B. Evaluation of drought resistance and cold resistance and research of their relationship at seedling stage of winter rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.) in cold and arid regions in north China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(18):3743-3756.
[10]	路晓明, 武军艳, 王新发, 徐爱遐, 李学才, 刘丽君, 马骊, 蒲媛媛, 牛早霞, 王会文, 朱明川, 范军强, 孙万仓. 北方白菜型冬油菜的春化率、抗寒性和遗传多样性分析[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2023, 41(1):1-12. doi:10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2023.01.01.
	Lu X M, Wu J Y, Wang X F, Xu A X, Li X C, Liu L J, Ma L, Pu Y Y, Niu Z X, Wang H W, Zhu M C, Fan J Q, Sun W C. Vernalization rate,cold tolerance and genetic diversity analysis of winter Brassica rapa L.cultivated in northern China[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2023, 41(1):1-12.
[11]	李鹏, 马骊, 徐芳, 刘丽君, 姚彦林, 蒲媛媛, 王旺田, 李学才, 方彦, 孙万仓, 武军艳. 越冬前北方不同类型强冬性冬油菜形态及生理响应研究[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2022, 40(5):42-51.doi:10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2022.05.05.
	Li P, Ma L, Xu F, Liu L J, Yao Y L, Pu Y Y, Wang W T, Li X C, Fang Y, Sun W C, Wu J Y. Comparison of morphological and physiological responses of two different species of northern winter rapeseed before overwintering[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2022, 40(5):42-51.
[12]	赵娜, 郎丽娜, 卢虹, 刘璐, 刘亚萍, 刘霞, 田正书, 王阳, 黄镇, 徐爱遐. 甘蓝型油菜抗寒相关基因的 QTL 初步定位[J]. 华北农学报, 2016, 31(5):14-20. doi:10.7668/hbnxb.2016.05.003.
	Zhao N, Lang L N, Lu H, Liu L, Liu Y P, Liu X, Tian Z S, Wang Y, Huang Z, Xu A X. QTL primary mapping of cold tolerance related genes in Brassica napus[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2016, 31(5):14-20.
[13]	盖玥, 牛俊义, 孙万仓, 王鹤龄, 朱田田. 降温处理对白菜型油菜品种抗寒生理指标的影响[J]. 甘肃农业大学学报, 2005, 40(2):182-185.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-4315.2005.02.012.
	Gai Y, Niu J Y, Sun W C, Wang H L, Zhu T T. Effect of lower temperature treatment on some cold resisting physiological indexes of winter turnip rape[J]. Journal of Gansu Agricultural University, 2005, 40(2):182-185.
[14]	李世成, 牛俊义, 盖玥. 零上低温处理对不同甘蓝型油菜品种抗寒性的影响[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2007, 25(6):40-44.
	Li S C, Niu J Y, Gai Y. Effect of low temperature stress on some physiological index of winter rape( Brassicu napus L.)[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2007, 25(6):40-44.
[15]	范军强, 武军艳, 刘丽君, 马骊, 杨刚, 蒲媛媛, 李学才, 孙万仓. 甘蓝型冬油菜气孔特性与抗寒性的关系[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(4):599-618.doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.04.002.
	Fan J Q, Wu J Y, Liu L J, Ma L, Yang G, Pu Y Y, Li X C, Sun W C. Correlation between stomatal characteristics and cold resistance of Brassica napus L.[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(4):599-618.
[16]	杨宁宁, 孙万仓, 刘自刚, 史鹏辉, 方彦, 武军艳, 曾秀存, 孔德晶, 鲁美宏, 王月. 北方冬油菜抗寒性的形态与生理机制[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(3):452-461. doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.03.005.
	Yang N N, Sun W C, Liu Z G, Shi P H, Fang Y, Wu J Y, Zeng X C, Kong D J, Lu M H, Wang Y. Morphological characters and physiological mechanisms of cold resistance of winter rapeseed in northern China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(3):452-461.
[17]	杨宁宁. 白菜型冬油菜抗寒机理与选择指标体系研究[D]. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2014.
	Yang N N. Study on cold resistance mechanism and selection index system of Chinese cabbage winter rape[D]. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2014.
[18]	刘自刚, 孙万仓, 杨宁宁, 王月, 何丽, 赵彩霞, 史鹏飞, 杨刚, 李学才, 武军艳, 方彦, 曾秀存. 冬前低温胁迫下白菜型冬油菜抗寒性的形态及生理特征[J]. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(22):4679-4687. doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.22.005.
	Liu Z G, Sun W C, Yang N N, Wang Y, He L, Zhao C X, Shi P F, Yang G, Li X C, Wu J Y, Fang Y, Zeng X C. Morphology and physiological characteristics of cultivars with different levels of cold-resistance in winter rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.) during cold acclimation[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(22):4679-4687.
[19]	武军艳, 方彦, 刘翠平, 孙万仓, 史永弟, 黄纪红, 曹杰, 刘自刚, 李学才. 旱寒区冬油菜苗期抗寒性与抗旱性相关性分析[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2014, 32(2):142-146.doi:10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2014.02.022.
	Wu J Y, Fang Y, Liu C P, Sun W C, Shi Y D, Huang J H, Cao J, Liu Z G, Li X C. Correlation analysis of cold resistance and drought tolerance of winter rape at seedling stage in arid and cold region[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2014, 32(2):142-146.
[20]	侯献飞. 环境选择对北方白菜型冬油菜抗寒性及DNA甲基化的影响[D]. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2016.
	Hou X F. Effects of environmental selection on cold resistance and DNA methylation of northern Chinese cabbage winter rape[D]. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2016.
[21]	李和平, 李积铭, 李爱国, 武军艳, 宋聪敏, 申彦平, 杨莉. 播期对河北省超采水区白菜型冬油菜越冬率及产量的影响[J]. 生物技术通报, 2021, 37(4):35-46. doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2020-0881.
	Li H P, Li J M, Li A G, Wu J Y, Song C M, Shen Y P, Yang L. Effects of seedling time on overwintering rate and yield of winter oil rapeseeds(Brassica rapa)in over-exploited water area of Hebei Province[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2021, 37(4):35-46. doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2020-0881
[22]	金姣姣. 基于生长锥和下胚轴分析甘蓝型冬油菜的抗寒性机制[D]. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2020.doi:10.27025/d.cnki.ggsnu.2020.000229.
	Jin J J. The mechanism of cold resistance of winter rape(Brassica napus L.)based on growth point and hypocotyl[D]. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2020.
[23]	孔德晶. 白菜型冬油菜抗寒生理性状的QTL定位研究[D]. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2014.
	Kong D J. QTL mapping of cold-resistance physiological traits in Chinese cabbage winter rape[D]. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2014.
[24]	刘海卿, 方园, 武军艳, 陈奇, 孙万仓, 刘自刚, 方彦, 米超, 蒲媛媛, 赵艳宁, 董小云, 曾秀存, 许耀照. 低温胁迫下内源ABA、GA及比值对白菜型和甘蓝型冬油菜抗寒性的响应[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2016, 24(11):1529-1538. doi:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.160421.
	Liu H Q, Fang Y, Wu J Y, Chen Q, Sun W C, Liu Z G, Fang Y, Mi C, Pu Y Y, Zhao Y N, Dong X Y, Zeng X C, Xu Y Z. Response of endogenous ABA and GA to cold resistance of Brassica rapa L. and Brassica napus L.[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2016, 24(11):1529-1538.
[25]	蒲媛媛, 赵玉红, 武军艳, 刘丽君, 白静, 马骊, 牛早霞, 金姣姣, 方彦, 李学才, 孙万仓. 北方强冬性甘蓝型冬油菜品种(系)抗寒性评价[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(19):3291-3308. doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.19.002.
	Pu Y Y, Zhao Y H, Wu J Y, Liu L J, Bai J, Ma L, Niu Z X, Jin J J, Fang Y, Li X C, Sun W C. Comprehensive assessment on cold tolerance of the strong winter Brassica napus L.cultivated in Northern China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(19):3291-3308.
[26]	姜海杨. 北方白菜型冬油菜耐迟播性研究及花芽分化过程观察[D]. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2012.
	Jiang H Y. Study on tolerance to late sowing and observation on flower bud differentiation of winter rape in Northern Chinese cabbage[D]. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2012.
[27]	马敏, 朱明川, 曾瑞, 武军艳, 马骊, 李学才, 蒲媛媛, 刘丽君, 曾秀存, 朱文英, 孙万仓. 甘蓝型冬油菜抗寒性评价及遗传多样性分析[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2022, 40(6):1-11,33. doi:10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2022.06.01.
	Ma M, Zhu M C, Zeng R, Wu J Y, Ma L, Li X C, Pu Y Y, Liu L J, Zeng X C, Zhu W Y, Sun W C. Cold tolerance evaluation and genetic diversity analysis of winter Brassica napus[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2022, 40(6):1-11,33.
[28]	何丽. 白菜型冬油菜与甘蓝型冬油菜远缘杂交研究[D]. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2013.
	He L. Study on distant hybridization between Chinese cabbage winter rape and cabbage winter rape[D]. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2013.
[29]	何辉立. 低温胁迫下白菜型冬油菜的生理响应及ELI基因的表达分析和克隆[D]. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2016.
	He H L. Physiological response of Chinese cabbage winter rape under low temperature stress and expression analysis and cloning of ELI gene[D]. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2016.
[30]	赵彩霞. 白菜型冬油菜生理生化指标与抗寒特性[J]. 西藏农业科技, 2017, 39(1):15-19.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-9960.2012.05.072.
	Zhao C X. Physiological and biochemical indexes and cold resistance of winter rapeseed[J]. Tibet Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 39(1):15-19.
[31]	许耀照, 曾秀存, 张芬琴, 孙佳, 孙万仓, 武军艳, 方彦, 刘自刚, 孙柏林. 白菜型冬油菜叶片结构和光合特性对冬前低温的响应[J]. 作物学报, 2017, 43(3):432-441.doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2017.00432.
	Xu Y Z, Zeng X C, Zhang F Q, Sun J, Sun W C, Wu J Y, Fang Y Liu Z G, Sun B L. Response of leaf anatomical structure and photosynthetic characteristics of winter turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.) to low temperature before winter[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2017, 43(3):432-441. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2017.00432 URL
[32]	刘林波, 孙万仓, 刘自刚, 杨刚, 武军艳, 方彦, 李学才, 侯献飞, 张树娟, 刘海卿, 赵艳宁, 马骊, 钱武, 王凯音, 杨建胜, 董云. 白菜型冬油菜抗寒相关生理生化性状的配合力和遗传效应[J]. 中国油料作物学报, 2015, 37(6):772-779.doi:10.7505/j.issn.1007-9084.2015.06.006.
	Liu L B, Sun W C, Liu Z G, Yang G, Wu J Y, Fang Y, Li X C, Hou X F, Zhang S J, Liu H Q, Zhao Y N, Ma L, Qian W, Wang K Y, Yang J S, Dong Y. Combining ability and genetic effects of physiologic and biochemical traits related to cold tolerance of winter rape(Brassica rapa L.)[J]. Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences, 2015, 37(6):772-779.
[33]	蒲媛媛, 孙万仓. 白菜型冬油菜抗寒性与生理生化特性关系[J]. 分子植物育种, 2010, 8(2):335-339.doi:10.3969/mpb.008.000335.
	Pu Y Y, Sun W C. The relationship between cold resistance of winter turnip rape varieties and its physiological characteristics[J]. Molecular Plant Breeding, 2010, 8(2):335-339.
[34]	刘林波. 白菜型冬油菜抗寒相关性状的遗传效应分析[D]. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2016.
	Liu L B. Genetic effect analysis of cold-resistance-related traits in Chinese cabbage winter rape[D]. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2016.
[35]	许耀照, 曾秀存, 张芬琴, 张科智, 王治江, 李海亮, 孙柏林, 李娜, 赵霞, 徐新萍. 低温对白菜型冬油菜幼苗叶绿素荧光启动过程与品种抗寒性的影响[J]. 河西学院学报, 2016, 32(5):60-68.doi:10.13874/j.cnki.62-1171/g4.2016.05.010.
	Xu Y Z, Zeng X C, Zhang F Q, Zhang K Z, Wang Z J, Li H L, Sun B L, Li N, Zhao X, Xu X P. Effect on starting procedure of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and cold resistance of winter rapeseed variety(Brassica campestris L.) under the low temperature[J]. China Industrial Economics, 2016, 32(5):60-68.
[36]	张学贤, 黄镇, 丁娟, 刘璐, 卢虹, 徐爱遐. 白菜型冬油菜越冬过程生理指标研究[J]. 西北农业学报, 2014, 23(5):82-88. doi:10.7606/j.issn.1004-1389.2014.05.014.
	Zhang X X, Huang Z, Ding J, Liu L, Lu H, Xu A X. Physiological indexes of Brassica campestris L. at the wintering stage[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica, 2014, 23(5):82-88.
[37]	方彦, 孙万仓, 武军艳, 刘自刚, 董云, 米超, 马骊, 陈奇, 何辉立. 北方白菜型冬油菜的膜脂脂肪酸组分和ATPase活性对温度的响应[J]. 作物学报, 2018, 44(1):95-104.doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.00095.
	Fang Y, Sun W C, Wu J Y, Liu Z G, Dong Y, Mi C, Ma L, Chen Q, He H L. Response of membrane fatty acid composition and ATPase activity in Brassica rapa L. to temperature in North China[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2018, 44(1):95-104. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.00095 URL

指标类型 Indicators classification		具体指标与参考文献 Indicators and references
形态指标	叶	(心叶)叶色^[7-8]、叶色^[4,7,9-10]、质量^[3,10-11]、含水量^{[8,12⇓⇓-15]}、厚度^[2,8,16]、叶柄长度^[10]
Morphological indexes	根	质量^{[3,11,16⇓⇓-19]}、根长^[3,20]、根颈直径^{[3,6,16⇓-18,20-21]}、根颈体积^[8]、含水量^[6,8]、根颈下陷度^[8]、根/冠比^{[3,4,6,8,11,18]}、冻害等级^[12]
	群体	生长点形状^[3,9]、下胚轴长度^[22]、生长锥相对高度^[22]、苗期生长习性^{[3,7⇓-9,16-17,23]}、冬春性^[7]、枯叶期^[8,24]、(春播)春化率^{[17-18,22,24-25]}、枯叶/全叶比^[8]、半致死温度^{[10,16,22,25]}、耐迟播性^[26]、花芽分化时间^[26]、株(薹)高^{[20,22,25,27]}
		根系活力^[19]、抗旱性^[19]
组织结构 Organizational structure indexes		叶片紧密组织致密度^[8,28]、叶片疏松海绵组织指数^[28]、栅栏组织厚度^[2,16]、栅栏组织/海绵组织比^[2,16,29]、叶片组织细胞结构疏松度^[30]、保卫细胞叶绿体数目^[18]
气孔特性 Stomata characteristic index		气孔大小^[2]、气孔面积^[15-16]、气孔密度^[2,8,30-31]、气孔开张度^[8,18]、气孔开张比^[18]、单位面积气孔总长度^[30]
质膜受伤害程度 Degree of plasma	叶	丙二醛^{[8-9,12⇓⇓-15,20,22-23,29,32⇓⇓-35]}、相对电导率^{[8-9,12⇓-14,34,36]}、质膜不饱和脂肪酸含量^[37]、与饱和脂肪酸含量比值^[37]、ATP酶活性^[37]
membrane damage indexes	变化量	丙二醛^[33]
	根	丙二醛^[35-36]、相对电导率^[33]
渗透调节物质 Osmotic regulating	叶含量	可溶性蛋白^{[8-9,15,17-18,22-23,25,28-29,32⇓⇓-35,38⇓⇓-41]}、可溶性糖^{[8-9,11,13-14,22,28-29,32,34,42]}、脯氨酸^{[8-9,14,22-23,28,30]}、Ca²⁺含量^[11]
substance indexes	根含量	可溶性蛋白^[6,8,36]、可溶性糖^[8,36]、脯氨酸^[8]、Ca²⁺含量^[11]
	叶变化量	可溶性蛋白^[2,16,38]、脯氨酸^[16]
内源激素	叶含量	脱落酸^{[24,41,43-44]}、赤霉素^[24]
Endogenous hormones indexes	比值	脱落酸/赤霉素比值^[24]
	根含量	脱落酸^[41]
抗氧化保护酶 Protective enzyme indexes	叶中的活性	过氧化物酶^{[8-9,15,17,20,22-23,25,28,32,34⇓-36,38⇓⇓-41,45-46]}、超氧化物歧化酶^{[8-9,15,22-23,25,28⇓-30,32⇓⇓⇓-36,40-41,45]}、过氧化氢酶^{[8-9,15,17,20,22-23,25,29,38,32⇓⇓⇓-36,40-41,45]}、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶^[6,30,39]、过氧化物酶同工酶^[2]
	根中的活性	过氧化物酶^[6,8,36]、超氧化物歧化酶^[6,8,36]、过氧化氢酶^[6,8,36]、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶^[6,8,40,42]、谷胱甘肽还原酶^[42]、铜锌超氧化物酶^[42]
	叶变化量	过氧化物酶^[2,16,38]、过氧化氢酶^[2,16,38]、超氧化物歧化酶^[38]
光合生理 Photosynthetic physiological	色素	叶绿素含量^{[17,22,29,34]}、叶SPAD值^[12]、叶绿素a含量^[8,22]、类胡萝卜素含^[8,22]、叶绿素分解速率^[29,36,40]
index	性能	净光合速率^{[11,17-18,29,34-35,41,47]}、气孔导度^{[17,29,34-35,41]}、蒸腾速率^{[17,29,34-35,41,47]}、胞间二氧化碳浓度^{[17,29,35,41]}、初始荧光产量^[41]、最大荧光产量^[41]、PSⅡ潜在光化学效率^[41]、PSⅡ电子传递^[41]
	变化	净光合速率^[46]、气孔导度^[46]、胞间二氧化碳浓度^[46]

指标类型 Indicators classification		具体指标与参考文献 Indicators and references
形态指标	叶	(心叶)叶色^[7-8]、叶色^[4,7,9-10]、质量^[3,10-11]、含水量^{[8,12⇓⇓-15]}、厚度^[2,8,16]、叶柄长度^[10]
Morphological indexes	根	质量^{[3,11,16⇓⇓-19]}、根长^[3,20]、根颈直径^{[3,6,16⇓-18,20-21]}、根颈体积^[8]、含水量^[6,8]、根颈下陷度^[8]、根/冠比^{[3,4,6,8,11,18]}、冻害等级^[12]
	群体	生长点形状^[3,9]、下胚轴长度^[22]、生长锥相对高度^[22]、苗期生长习性^{[3,7⇓-9,16-17,23]}、冬春性^[7]、枯叶期^[8,24]、(春播)春化率^{[17-18,22,24-25]}、枯叶/全叶比^[8]、半致死温度^{[10,16,22,25]}、耐迟播性^[26]、花芽分化时间^[26]、株(薹)高^{[20,22,25,27]}
		根系活力^[19]、抗旱性^[19]
组织结构 Organizational structure indexes		叶片紧密组织致密度^[8,28]、叶片疏松海绵组织指数^[28]、栅栏组织厚度^[2,16]、栅栏组织/海绵组织比^[2,16,29]、叶片组织细胞结构疏松度^[30]、保卫细胞叶绿体数目^[18]
气孔特性 Stomata characteristic index		气孔大小^[2]、气孔面积^[15-16]、气孔密度^[2,8,30-31]、气孔开张度^[8,18]、气孔开张比^[18]、单位面积气孔总长度^[30]
质膜受伤害程度 Degree of plasma	叶	丙二醛^{[8-9,12⇓⇓-15,20,22-23,29,32⇓⇓-35]}、相对电导率^{[8-9,12⇓-14,34,36]}、质膜不饱和脂肪酸含量^[37]、与饱和脂肪酸含量比值^[37]、ATP酶活性^[37]
membrane damage indexes	变化量	丙二醛^[33]
	根	丙二醛^[35-36]、相对电导率^[33]
渗透调节物质 Osmotic regulating	叶含量	可溶性蛋白^{[8-9,15,17-18,22-23,25,28-29,32⇓⇓-35,38⇓⇓-41]}、可溶性糖^{[8-9,11,13-14,22,28-29,32,34,42]}、脯氨酸^{[8-9,14,22-23,28,30]}、Ca²⁺含量^[11]
substance indexes	根含量	可溶性蛋白^[6,8,36]、可溶性糖^[8,36]、脯氨酸^[8]、Ca²⁺含量^[11]
	叶变化量	可溶性蛋白^[2,16,38]、脯氨酸^[16]
内源激素	叶含量	脱落酸^{[24,41,43-44]}、赤霉素^[24]
Endogenous hormones indexes	比值	脱落酸/赤霉素比值^[24]
	根含量	脱落酸^[41]
抗氧化保护酶 Protective enzyme indexes	叶中的活性	过氧化物酶^{[8-9,15,17,20,22-23,25,28,32,34⇓-36,38⇓⇓-41,45-46]}、超氧化物歧化酶^{[8-9,15,22-23,25,28⇓-30,32⇓⇓⇓-36,40-41,45]}、过氧化氢酶^{[8-9,15,17,20,22-23,25,29,38,32⇓⇓⇓-36,40-41,45]}、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶^[6,30,39]、过氧化物酶同工酶^[2]
	根中的活性	过氧化物酶^[6,8,36]、超氧化物歧化酶^[6,8,36]、过氧化氢酶^[6,8,36]、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶^[6,8,40,42]、谷胱甘肽还原酶^[42]、铜锌超氧化物酶^[42]
	叶变化量	过氧化物酶^[2,16,38]、过氧化氢酶^[2,16,38]、超氧化物歧化酶^[38]
光合生理 Photosynthetic physiological	色素	叶绿素含量^{[17,22,29,34]}、叶SPAD值^[12]、叶绿素a含量^[8,22]、类胡萝卜素含^[8,22]、叶绿素分解速率^[29,36,40]
index	性能	净光合速率^{[11,17-18,29,34-35,41,47]}、气孔导度^{[17,29,34-35,41]}、蒸腾速率^{[17,29,34-35,41,47]}、胞间二氧化碳浓度^{[17,29,35,41]}、初始荧光产量^[41]、最大荧光产量^[41]、PSⅡ潜在光化学效率^[41]、PSⅡ电子传递^[41]
	变化	净光合速率^[46]、气孔导度^[46]、胞间二氧化碳浓度^[46]

与抗寒性的相关性 Correlation with cold resistance		具体指标与参考文献 Indicators and references
正相关 Index positively related to cold resistance	极显著	(心叶)叶色^[7,10]、叶SPAD值^[12]、根质量^[11,16-17]、根颈直径^[3,16,18,20]、根长^[20]、根/冠比^[3,11,18]、生长点形状^[3]、苗期生长习性^[7]、气孔开张度^[8,18]、叶可溶性蛋白^{[17-18,20,25,29,33,35,38]}、叶可溶性糖^{[11,13-14,20,29,39]}、叶脯氨酸^[9,14-15,23]、叶可溶性蛋白变化量^[16,38]、叶脯氨酸变化量^[16]、叶过氧化物酶^{[15,17,20,23,25,29,35,38,40,46]}、叶超氧化物歧化酶^{[9,15,23,25,29,33,38,40,46]}、叶过氧化氢酶^{[9,15,17,20,23,25,29,33-34,36,38,45]}、叶过氧化物酶变化量^[38]、叶超氧化物歧化酶变化量^[38]、叶过氧化氢酶变化量^[38]、叶抗坏血酸过氧化物酶^[40]、叶绿素含量^[36]、净光合速率^[32,34,41]、蒸腾速率^[34]、初始荧光产量^[41]
	显著	叶厚度^[2,8]、根质量^[3,18]、根长^[20]、根颈直径^[17,20-21]、根/冠比^[8]、根颈下陷度^[8]、生长点形状^[9]、苗期生长习性^[9,16]、冬春性^[7]、耐迟播性^[26]、叶组织结构致密度^[28]、保卫细胞叶绿体数量^[18]、气孔大小^[2]、气孔面积^[16]、气孔开张度^[8]、气孔开张比^[18]、叶可溶性蛋白^{[9,22-23,28,32,34,40]}、叶可溶性糖^[22]、叶脯氨酸^[8,22,28,39]、根可溶性蛋白^[6,8,42]、根可溶性糖^[8,42]、根脯氨酸^[8]、叶可溶性蛋白变化量^[2]、叶脱落酸^[24]、根脱落酸^[43]、叶过氧化物酶^{[9,22,28,32,34,40-41]}、叶超氧化物歧化酶^{[22,25,28,30,41]}、叶过氧化氢酶^[22,41]、叶抗坏血酸过氧化物酶^[22]、叶过氧化物酶同工酶^[2]、根过氧化氢酶^[6,8,36,42]、根超氧化物歧化酶^[6,8]、根抗坏血酸过氧化物酶^[6,8,42]、根谷胱甘肽还原酶^[42]、根铜锌超过氧化物酶^[42]、叶过氧化物酶变化量^[16]、叶绿素含量^[22,29]、叶绿素a含量^[22]、类胡萝卜素含量^[8,22]、叶绿素分解速率^[29,41-42]、净光合速率^{[11,18,29,47]}、气孔导度^[29,34,41]、蒸腾速率^[29,47]、PSⅡ潜在光化学效率^[41]、PSⅡ电子传递^[41]、最大荧光产量^[40]、根Ca²⁺含量^[11]质膜不饱和脂肪酸含量^[37]、与饱和脂肪酸含量比值^[37]、ATP酶活性^[37]
	正相关	(心叶)叶色^[8]、叶色^[7,9]、苗期生长习性^[17]、枯叶/全叶比^[8]、根颈直径^[6]、根/冠比^[6]、叶组织结构致密度^[8,28]、叶可溶性蛋白^[8]、叶可溶性糖^[8-9,32,34]、叶脱落酸^[43]、叶超氧化物歧化酶^[32,34,40]、叶过氧化氢酶^{[32,34-35,40]}、根过氧化氢酶^[6]、根抗坏血酸过氧化物酶^[6]、叶绿素a含量^[8]、净光合速率^[17,35]、气孔导度^[17,35,41]、蒸腾速率^[41]、胞间二氧化碳浓度^[17]、净光合速率变化值^[46]、气孔导度变化值^[46]
负相关 Index negatively related to cold resistance	极显著	叶质量^[3,11,18]、叶含水量^[13⇓-15]、叶厚度^[16]、根含水量^[14]、苗期生长习性^[3,23]、(春播)春化率^{[10,17,20,22,25,27]}、半致死温度^[16,22,25]、株(薹)高^{[20,22,25,27]}、冻害等级^[12]、栅栏组织厚度^[16]、气孔密度^[8]、叶丙二醛^{[9,13⇓-15,20,23,29,33-34,38]}、叶丙二醛变化量^[38]、叶相对电导率^[9,13-14,34]、根丙二醛^[42]、叶可溶性糖^[11]、叶Ca²⁺含量^[11]、叶柄长度^[10]、生长锥相对高度^[22]、下胚轴长度^[22]
	显著	叶含水量^[8,12]、根含水量^[6,8]、枯叶期^[8,24]、花芽分化时间^[26]、栅栏组织厚度^[2]、栅栏组织/海绵组织比^[2,16,30]、气孔面积^[16]、气孔开张度^[8]、叶丙二醛^[8,12,22]、叶相对电导率^[8,12]、根相对电导率^[33]、叶赤霉素^[24]、叶过氧化物酶变化量^[2,16]、叶过氧化氢酶变化量^[2,16]、根过氧化物酶变化量^[2]、胞间二氧化碳浓度^[29,42]
	负相关	生长习性^[3]、叶片疏松海绵组织指数^[28]、叶丙二醛^[32,34]、蒸腾速率^[17]、胞间二氧化碳浓度41^[41]、胞间二氧化碳浓度变化值^[46]

与抗寒性的相关性 Correlation with cold resistance		具体指标与参考文献 Indicators and references
正相关 Index positively related to cold resistance	极显著	(心叶)叶色^[7,10]、叶SPAD值^[12]、根质量^[11,16-17]、根颈直径^[3,16,18,20]、根长^[20]、根/冠比^[3,11,18]、生长点形状^[3]、苗期生长习性^[7]、气孔开张度^[8,18]、叶可溶性蛋白^{[17-18,20,25,29,33,35,38]}、叶可溶性糖^{[11,13-14,20,29,39]}、叶脯氨酸^[9,14-15,23]、叶可溶性蛋白变化量^[16,38]、叶脯氨酸变化量^[16]、叶过氧化物酶^{[15,17,20,23,25,29,35,38,40,46]}、叶超氧化物歧化酶^{[9,15,23,25,29,33,38,40,46]}、叶过氧化氢酶^{[9,15,17,20,23,25,29,33-34,36,38,45]}、叶过氧化物酶变化量^[38]、叶超氧化物歧化酶变化量^[38]、叶过氧化氢酶变化量^[38]、叶抗坏血酸过氧化物酶^[40]、叶绿素含量^[36]、净光合速率^[32,34,41]、蒸腾速率^[34]、初始荧光产量^[41]
	显著	叶厚度^[2,8]、根质量^[3,18]、根长^[20]、根颈直径^[17,20-21]、根/冠比^[8]、根颈下陷度^[8]、生长点形状^[9]、苗期生长习性^[9,16]、冬春性^[7]、耐迟播性^[26]、叶组织结构致密度^[28]、保卫细胞叶绿体数量^[18]、气孔大小^[2]、气孔面积^[16]、气孔开张度^[8]、气孔开张比^[18]、叶可溶性蛋白^{[9,22-23,28,32,34,40]}、叶可溶性糖^[22]、叶脯氨酸^[8,22,28,39]、根可溶性蛋白^[6,8,42]、根可溶性糖^[8,42]、根脯氨酸^[8]、叶可溶性蛋白变化量^[2]、叶脱落酸^[24]、根脱落酸^[43]、叶过氧化物酶^{[9,22,28,32,34,40-41]}、叶超氧化物歧化酶^{[22,25,28,30,41]}、叶过氧化氢酶^[22,41]、叶抗坏血酸过氧化物酶^[22]、叶过氧化物酶同工酶^[2]、根过氧化氢酶^[6,8,36,42]、根超氧化物歧化酶^[6,8]、根抗坏血酸过氧化物酶^[6,8,42]、根谷胱甘肽还原酶^[42]、根铜锌超过氧化物酶^[42]、叶过氧化物酶变化量^[16]、叶绿素含量^[22,29]、叶绿素a含量^[22]、类胡萝卜素含量^[8,22]、叶绿素分解速率^[29,41-42]、净光合速率^{[11,18,29,47]}、气孔导度^[29,34,41]、蒸腾速率^[29,47]、PSⅡ潜在光化学效率^[41]、PSⅡ电子传递^[41]、最大荧光产量^[40]、根Ca²⁺含量^[11]质膜不饱和脂肪酸含量^[37]、与饱和脂肪酸含量比值^[37]、ATP酶活性^[37]
	正相关	(心叶)叶色^[8]、叶色^[7,9]、苗期生长习性^[17]、枯叶/全叶比^[8]、根颈直径^[6]、根/冠比^[6]、叶组织结构致密度^[8,28]、叶可溶性蛋白^[8]、叶可溶性糖^[8-9,32,34]、叶脱落酸^[43]、叶超氧化物歧化酶^[32,34,40]、叶过氧化氢酶^{[32,34-35,40]}、根过氧化氢酶^[6]、根抗坏血酸过氧化物酶^[6]、叶绿素a含量^[8]、净光合速率^[17,35]、气孔导度^[17,35,41]、蒸腾速率^[41]、胞间二氧化碳浓度^[17]、净光合速率变化值^[46]、气孔导度变化值^[46]
负相关 Index negatively related to cold resistance	极显著	叶质量^[3,11,18]、叶含水量^[13⇓-15]、叶厚度^[16]、根含水量^[14]、苗期生长习性^[3,23]、(春播)春化率^{[10,17,20,22,25,27]}、半致死温度^[16,22,25]、株(薹)高^{[20,22,25,27]}、冻害等级^[12]、栅栏组织厚度^[16]、气孔密度^[8]、叶丙二醛^{[9,13⇓-15,20,23,29,33-34,38]}、叶丙二醛变化量^[38]、叶相对电导率^[9,13-14,34]、根丙二醛^[42]、叶可溶性糖^[11]、叶Ca²⁺含量^[11]、叶柄长度^[10]、生长锥相对高度^[22]、下胚轴长度^[22]
	显著	叶含水量^[8,12]、根含水量^[6,8]、枯叶期^[8,24]、花芽分化时间^[26]、栅栏组织厚度^[2]、栅栏组织/海绵组织比^[2,16,30]、气孔面积^[16]、气孔开张度^[8]、叶丙二醛^[8,12,22]、叶相对电导率^[8,12]、根相对电导率^[33]、叶赤霉素^[24]、叶过氧化物酶变化量^[2,16]、叶过氧化氢酶变化量^[2,16]、根过氧化物酶变化量^[2]、胞间二氧化碳浓度^[29,42]
	负相关	生长习性^[3]、叶片疏松海绵组织指数^[28]、叶丙二醛^[32,34]、蒸腾速率^[17]、胞间二氧化碳浓度41^[41]、胞间二氧化碳浓度变化值^[46]

遗传变异 Genetic variation		具体指标与参考文献 Indicators and references
遗传变异 Genetic variation	介于2个亲本之间	抗寒性(越冬率)^{[23,26,34,38,41,45,50-51]}、叶片厚度^[41]、根冠比^[28,50]、叶片紧密组织指数^[28]、叶片疏松海绵组织指数^[28]、气孔保卫细胞的周长^[41]、叶丙二醛含量^[23,38,41]、叶相对电导率^[34]、叶可溶性蛋白含量^{[23,28,34,41,50]}、叶游离脯氨酸含量^[28,41]、叶过氧化物酶活性^{[23,28,34,38,41,45,50]}、叶超氧化物歧化酶活性^{[23,28,38,41,45,50]}、叶过氧化氢酶活性^{[23,38,41,45,50]}、叶绿素含量^[34]、蒸腾速率^[34]
	连续变异且接近正态分布	越冬率^[40,50]、幼苗生长习性^[50]、叶片组织相对含水量^[12]、叶丙二醛含量^[12,23,50]、叶片相对电导率^[12]、叶可溶蛋白含量^{[23,28,40,50]}、叶游离脯氨酸含量^[23,50]、叶超氧化物歧化酶活性^[23,50]、叶过氧化物酶活性^[23,50]、叶过氧化氢酶活性^[23,40,50]、叶抗坏血酸过氧化物酶^[40]、叶片SPAD值^[12]
	可分为类群数	2个^[40]、3个^[40,50]、8个^[50]
杂种优势 Heterosis	中亲优势	越冬率^{[32,34,52-53]}、叶丙二醛含量^[32,34]、叶过氧化氢酶活性^[32,34]、叶超氧化物歧化酶^[32,34]
	正向超亲优势	越冬率^[34,52-53]、叶片组织相对含水量^[12]、幼苗习性^[28]、冻害等级^[12]、叶片相对电导率^[12]、叶丙二醛含量^[32,34,40]、叶过氧化氢酶活性^[32,34]、叶片SPAD值^[12]、净光合速率^[32]
	负向超亲优势	越冬率^[32,34]、叶可溶性蛋白含量^[32,34]、叶可溶性糖含量^[32,34]、叶过氧化氢酶活性^[32,34]、叶过氧化物酶活性^[32]
	超标优势	越冬率^[52-53]
控制 Genetic control	加性基因和非加性基因共同决定	越冬率^[32,34]、叶丙二醛含量^[32,34]、相对电导率^[34]、叶可溶蛋白含量^[32,34]、叶可溶性糖含量^[32,34]、叶过氧化氢酶活性^[32,34]、叶超氧化物歧化酶活性^[32,34]、叶过氧化物酶活性^[32,34]、叶绿素含量^[34]、净光合速率^[34]、蒸腾速率^[34]、气孔导度^[34]
	加性基因	越冬率^[32,34]、叶相对电导率^[34]、叶可溶性糖含量^[32,34]、叶过氧化物酶活性^[34]、叶超氧化物歧化酶活性^[34]、叶绿素含量^[34]、气孔导度^[34]、蒸腾速率^[34]
	显性基因	叶丙二醛含量^[34]、叶可溶性蛋白含量^[34]、叶过氧化氢酶活性^[34]、净光合速率^[34]

Please choose a citation manager

Content to export