Effect of Total Substitution of Organic Fertilizer for Chemical Fertilizer in Tea Garden on Distribution Characteristics of Inorganic Nitrogen in Soil Mechanically Stable Aggregates

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20194004

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to clarify the influence mechanism of total replacement of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer on the nitrogen fertility of tea garden soil.Based on the 5 a experiment of replacing chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer in tea garden,single application of chemical fertilizer(CF)and full application of organic fertilizer(OF)were selected as treatments,the effects of total replacement of organic fertilizer with chemical fertilizer on the physical and chemical properties,mechanical stability,aggregate composition,and aggregate inorganic nitrogen distribution characteristics of tea garden soil in rainy and dry seasons were studied,and the influencing factors of aggregate inorganic nitrogen distribution were analyzed.The results showed that:Compared with CF treatment,OF treatment increased the pH value,organic matter content and total nitrogen content of surface soil in rainy and dry seasons.However,there was no significant difference in soil pH between the two treatments in the rainy season(P>0.05);in the rainy season,the cation exchange capacity,ammonium nitrogen content and nitrate nitrogen content in the surface soil of the tea garden under the OF treatment were lower or significantly lower(P<0.05)than those under the CF treatment,while in the dry season,the OF treatment was significantly higher than that under the CF treatment(P<0.05),with an increase of 27.02%, 58.97%, and 266.84%, respectively. Different treatments had significant effects on the mass percentage of 0.25—2.00 mm and<0.25 mm aggregates and GWD;compared with CF treatment, OF treatment increased the mass percentage of 0.25—2.00 mm aggregates and GWD, and decreased the mass percentage of<0.25 mm aggregates; seasons had a significant effect on the mass percentage of aggregates<0.25 mm (P<0.05).The contents of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in aggregates of different treatments were as follows:<0.25 mm aggregates were the highest,0.25—2.00 mm aggregates were the second,and>2.00 mm aggregates were the lowest;in rainy season,the content of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in aggregates at all levels of OF treatment was lower or significantly lower(P<0.05) than that of CF treatment,while in dry season,OF treatment was significantly higher than that of CF treatment(P<0.05);compared with the rainy season,the content of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in aggregates at all levels under CF treatment was significantly reduced in dry season(P<0.05),and the content of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in aggregates at all levels under OF treatment was increased or significantly increased in dry season(P<0.05);under different treatments,the proportion of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen storage of aggregates showed that 0.25—2.00 mm aggregates were the highest(51.70% and 51.14%),>2.00 mm aggregates were the second(34.59% and 35.51%),and<0.25 mm aggregates were the lowest(13.71% and 13.34%);compared with CF treatment,OF treatment significantly reduced the proportion of<0.25 mm aggregate ammonium nitrogen storage in rainy and dry season and the proportion of <0.25 mm aggregate nitrate nitrogen storage in dry season(P<0.05),and significantly increased the proportion of 0.25—2.00 mm aggregate ammonium nitrogen storage in rainy season and 0.25—2.00 mm aggregate nitrate nitrogen storage in dry season(P<0.05).Correlation analysis showed that the content of ammonium nitrogen in soil aggregates was mainly affected by soil pH,cation exchange capacity and total nitrogen content,while the content of nitrate nitrogen in soil aggregates in tea garden was mainly affected by soil pH,organic matter content and total nitrogen content;further RDA analysis showed that soil pH and cation exchange capacity were the main factors affecting the distribution of inorganic nitrogen in soil mechanically stable aggregates.To sum up,total replacement of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer in tea garden is beneficial to improve the content of soil organic matter,coordinate the supply of soil nitrogen in rainy and dry seasons,and promote the formation of large aggregates and the accumulation of soil inorganic nitrogen.

Key words: Tea garden, Total replacement of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer, Mechanically stable aggregates, Distribution characteristics of inorganic nitrogen, Influence factor

HUANG Shangshu, JIANG Xinfeng, ZHU Tong, LIN Xiaobing, HE Shaolang, WANG Binqiang, WU Yan, LEI Liwen, SUN Yongming. Effect of Total Substitution of Organic Fertilizer for Chemical Fertilizer in Tea Garden on Distribution Characteristics of Inorganic Nitrogen in Soil Mechanically Stable Aggregates[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2023, 38(4): 141-151. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194004.

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Figures/Tables 11

Tab.1 Experimental design

处理 Treatments	操作方法 Operation method	养分投入量/(kg/hm²) Nutrient input
处理 Treatments	操作方法 Operation method	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
CF	当地推荐用量施用化肥,作为基肥在每年10月中旬施入茶行,施肥深度20 cm。	300.00	60.00	120.00
OF	施用油菜枯饼6 000 kg/hm²,作为基肥在每年10月中旬施入茶行,施肥深度20 cm。	300.00	64.80	109.20

Fig.1 Average monthly rainfall and temperature in the experimental area from 2019 to 2021

Tab.2 Physical and chemical properties of 0—20 cm soil in rainy season and dry season under different treatments

季节 Seasons	处理 Treatments	pH值 pH value	有机质含量/(mg/kg) Organic matter content	阳离子交换量/ (cmol/kg) Cation exchange capacity	全氮/ (g/kg) Total nitrogen	铵态氮/ (mg/kg) $N H 4 +$ -N	硝态氮/ (mg/kg) $N O 3 -$ -N
雨季	CF	3.75±0.05Aa	29.88±2.30Ba	22.60±1.49Aa	3.18±0.15Ba	19.10±1.00Aa	32.04±1.19Aa
Rainy season	OF	3.81±0.06Aa	61.65±4.52Aa	21.55±1.48Aa	3.81±0.08Aa	17.54±1.44Ab	27.90±0.94Bb
旱季	CF	3.75±0.05Ba	29.54±4.94Ba	16.73±1.09Bb	2.11±0.13Bb	12.92±0.72Bb	16.77±0.59Bb
Dry season	OF	3.88±0.07Aa	58.85±3.47Aa	21.25±1.53Aa	3.43±0.04Ab	20.54±1.58Aa	61.53±5.48Aa
F值	处理 T	9.258^*	179.956^**	4.566	248.643^**	18.214^**	151.086^**
F value	季节 S	1.407	0.476	14.479^**	132.071^**	5.021	30.928^**
	T×S	0.960	0.292	11.801^**	31.500^**	41.721^**	218.905^**

Tab.2 Physical and chemical properties of 0—20 cm soil in rainy season and dry season under different treatments

季节 Seasons	处理 Treatments	pH值 pH value	有机质含量/(mg/kg) Organic matter content	阳离子交换量/ (cmol/kg) Cation exchange capacity	全氮/ (g/kg) Total nitrogen	铵态氮/ (mg/kg) $N H 4 +$ -N	硝态氮/ (mg/kg) $N O 3 -$ -N
雨季	CF	3.75±0.05Aa	29.88±2.30Ba	22.60±1.49Aa	3.18±0.15Ba	19.10±1.00Aa	32.04±1.19Aa
Rainy season	OF	3.81±0.06Aa	61.65±4.52Aa	21.55±1.48Aa	3.81±0.08Aa	17.54±1.44Ab	27.90±0.94Bb
旱季	CF	3.75±0.05Ba	29.54±4.94Ba	16.73±1.09Bb	2.11±0.13Bb	12.92±0.72Bb	16.77±0.59Bb
Dry season	OF	3.88±0.07Aa	58.85±3.47Aa	21.25±1.53Aa	3.43±0.04Ab	20.54±1.58Aa	61.53±5.48Aa
F值	处理 T	9.258^*	179.956^**	4.566	248.643^**	18.214^**	151.086^**
F value	季节 S	1.407	0.476	14.479^**	132.071^**	5.021	30.928^**
	T×S	0.960	0.292	11.801^**	31.500^**	41.721^**	218.905^**

Tab.3 Effect of different treatments on distribution characteristics and stability of mechanically stable aggregates in rainy and dry seasons

季节 Seasons	处理 Treatments	各级团聚体质量百分比/% Mass percentage of aggregates of different particle sizes			平均重量直径/mm MWD	几何平均直径/mm GWD
季节 Seasons	处理 Treatments	>2.00 mm	0.25~2.00 mm	<0.25 mm	平均重量直径/mm MWD	几何平均直径/mm GWD
雨季	CF	41.78±3.74Aa	46.34±3.56Aa	11.88±1.47Aa	1.39±0.04Aa	1.20±0.04Ba
Rainy season	OF	41.59±2.73Aa	50.21±1.67Aa	8.21±1.16Ba	1.42±0.03Aa	1.26±0.04Aa
旱季	CF	42.32±1.99Aa	43.81±2.69Ba	13.87±1.19Aa	1.37±0.02Aa	1.16±0.02Aa
Dry season	OF	40.34±2.34Aa	49.73±1.39Aa	9.93±1.14Ba	1.39±0.03Aa	1.22±0.04Aa
F值	处理 T	0.458	11.673^**	27.963^**	1.798	7.335^*
F value	季节 S	0.049	1.100	6.664^*	0.917	3.168
	T×S	0.309	0.520	0.038	0.147	0.054

Tab.4 Effect of different treatments on ammonium nitrogen content of mechanically stable aggregates in rainy and dry seasonsmg/kg

季节 Seasons	处理 Treatments	不同粒径团聚体铵态氮含量 Ammonium nitrogen content of different aggregate sizes
季节 Seasons	处理 Treatments	>2.00 mm	0.25~2.00 mm	<0.25 mm
雨季	CF	14.61±1.10Aa	20.81±1.75Aa	28.62±1.21Aa
Rainy season	OF	13.59±1.82Ab	20.14±1.75Aa	21.48±0.91Ba
旱季	CF	11.19±1.24Bb	13.95±1.35Bb	14.96±1.65Bb
Dry season	OF	19.20±2.05Aa	21.25±2.31Aa	22.29±1.92Aa
F值	处理 T	14.300^**	9.893^*	0.013
F value	季节 S	1.389	7.464^*	56.994^**
	T×S	23.774^**	14.352^**	72.262^**

Tab.5 Effect of different treatments on nitrate nitrogen content of mechanically stable aggregates in rainy and dry seasonsmg/kg

季节 Seasons	处理 Treatments	不同团聚体硝态氮含量 Nitrate nitrogen content of different aggregate sizes
季节 Seasons	处理 Treatments	>2.00 mm	0.25~2.00 mm	<0.25 mm
雨季	CF	28.14±1.22Aa	34.761±1.59Aa	35.43±2.11Ba
Rainy season	OF	22.32±0.87Bb	30.34±1.83Bb	41.15±3.00Ab
旱季	CF	15.31±1.10Bb	17.14±0.58Bb	20.12±2.61Bb
Dry season	OF	50.89±4.56Aa	68.03±7.00Aa	72.10±4.81Aa
F值	处理 T	109.663^**	121.685^**	229.697^**
F value	季节 S	30.657^**	22.697^**	16.861^**
	T×S	212.076^**	172.340^**	147.609^**

Fig.2 Effect of different treatments on the proportion of inorganic nitrogen reserves of mechanically stable aggregates in rainy and dry seasons Different capital letters indicate significant differences between different treatments in the same season(P<0.05);different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in different seasons of the same treatment(P<0.05).

Fig.3 Correlation between aggregate ammonium nitrogen content and main soil indicators

Fig.4 Correlation between nitrate nitrogen content of aggregates and main soil indexes

Tab.6 Fitting equation and parameters of aggregate ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen content and main soil indicators

指标 Indexes	粒径/mm Size	团聚体铵态氮含量 Ammonium nitrogen content of aggregates			团聚体硝态氮含量 Nitrate nitrogen content of aggregates
指标 Indexes	粒径/mm Size	拟合方程 Fitting equation	R²	P	拟合方程 Fitting equation	R²	P
pH	>2.00	y=28.13x-92.25	0.339	0.027	y=46.07x-424.84	0.342	0.027
	0.25~2.00	y=23.27x-69.37	0.178	0.096	y=61.80x-642.94	0.402	0.016
	<0.25	y=-1.76x+28.53	0.099	0.938	y=55.72x-718.09	0.519	0.005
SOM	>2.00	y=0.10x-10.02	0.180	0.095	y=0.42x+10.24	0.162	0.108
	0.25~2.00	y=0.10x-14.53	0.146	0.121	y=0.66x+7.90	0.225	0.068
	<0.25	y=0.01x+21.66	0.100	0.970	y=0.87x+3.01	0.460	0.009
CEC	>2.00	y=0.76x-0.93	0.299	0.038	y=2.51x-22.27	0.143	0.123
	0.25~2.00	y=0.89x+0.71	0.409	0.015	y=3.38x-31.93	0.124	0.141
	<0.25	y=1.69x-12.87	0.708	3.700E-4	y=3.49x-29.45	0.135	0.130
TN	>2.00	y=2.57x+6.59	0.189	0.088	y=9.79x-1.51	0.134	0.131
	0.25~2.00	y=3.96x+6.62	0.535	0.004	y=15.28x-10.30	0.188	0.089
	<0.25	y=4.53x+7.63	0.267	0.049	y=18.62x-16.14	0.323	0.031
MWD	>2.00	y=-1.13x+16.22	0.001	0.974	y=-0.56x+29.95	1.528E-5	0.997
	0.25~2.00	y=33.09x-27.03	0.962	0.350	y=18.45x+11.89	0.008	0.929
	<0.25	y=1.58x+19.64	88.869E-4	0.977	y=86.57x-78.32	0.185	0.677
GWD	>2.00	y=13.62x-1.86	0.414	0.534	y=51.52x-33.27	0.328	0.488
	0.25~2.00	y=33.81x-21.95	2.932	0.118	y=90.27x-71.84	0.519	0.929
	<0.25	y=14.51x+4.25	0.188	0.674	y=152.32x-142.41	1.612	0.233

Tab.7 Distribution of inorganic nitrogen in aggregates and soil redundancy analysis of the main properties of soil

指标 Indexes	RDA1 (74.71%)	RDA2 (12.26%)	R²	P
pH	0.279	0.960	0.662	0.005^**
SOM	0.346	0.938	0.435	0.102
CEC	0.999	-0.045	0.772	0.005^**
TN	0.974	0.227	0.511	0.038^*
MWD	0.454	0.891	0.018	0.924
GWD	0.830	0.558	0.096	0.623

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