霍氏假单胞菌M11对中低产田玉米的促生及根际土壤微生物群落结构和功能的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20196691

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

从河北省石家庄市藁城区中低产田玉米根际土壤中分离筛选出26株细菌。经促生能力测定后,选择综合能力最好的霍氏假单胞菌M11设置3个浓度梯度(1.0×10⁵,1.0×10⁷,1.0×10⁹ CFU/mL)进行盆栽试验,研究其对中低产田玉米促生效应及根际土壤微生物群落结构与功能的影响。结果表明:与CK(灭菌培养基)相比,不同浓度的M11发酵液对玉米幼苗生长均具有显著促进作用,其中以1.0×10⁷ CFU/mL处理效果最佳,玉米株高、地上部和根部生物量均显著提高;同时,该处理显著提升了根际土壤脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性。宏基因组分析发现,接种M11提升了土壤中鞘氨醇微菌属、类诺卡氏菌属、溶杆菌属等有益菌的相对丰度,并增强了土壤微生物共生网络的拓扑复杂度。在中低产田土壤贫瘠的状况下,霍氏假单胞菌M11可能通过溶磷、固氮作用或分泌吲哚-3-乙酸、铁载体等次生代谢物直接促进玉米生长;也可能通过提升玉米土壤促生相关酶活性、改善微生物群落结构,提升其中有益微生物的相对丰度和溶磷、固氮等促生相关的基因丰度,从而为玉米提供有利的生长环境,间接的促进玉米的生长发育,为中低产田土壤情况下的玉米增产提供了技术支持。

关键词: 霍氏假单胞菌, 中低产田, 土壤酶活性, 宏基因组测序, 土壤微生物群落结构, 土壤微生物功能

Abstract:

Twenty-six bacterial strains were isolated and screened from the rhizosphere soil of maize in medium-low yield fields in Gaocheng District,Shijiazhuang,Hebei Province.After evaluating their plant-growth-promoting(PGP)traits, Pseudomonas rhodesiae M11,which exhibited the best overall performance,was selected for pot experiments at three cell densities(1.0×10⁵,1.0×10⁷and 1.0×10⁹CFU/mL)to assess its effects on maize growth and on the structure and function of the rhizosphere microbiome in medium and low yield fields.The results showed that compared with CK(sterilized medium),different concentrations of M11 fermentation broth significantly promoted the growth of maize seedlings,and the treatment with 1.0×10⁷CFU/mL had the best effect,and the plant height,aboveground and root biomass of maize were significantly increased.At the same time,this treatment significantly increased the activity of urease and catalase in rhizosphere soil.Metagenomic analysis showed that inoculation with M11 increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Sphingomicrobium,Nocardioides and Lysobacter in soil,and enhanced the topological complexity of soil microbial symbiotic network.Under the condition of poor soil in medium-low yield fields,P.rhodesiae M11 may directly promote the growth of maize by dissolving phosphorus,fixing nitrogen or secreting secondary metabolites such as indole-3-acetic acid and siderophore.It may also increase the relative abundance of beneficial microorganisms and the abundance of genes related to growth promotion such as phosphorus solubilization and nitrogen fixation by increasing the activity of growth-promoting enzymes in maize soil and improving the microbial community structure,thereby providing a favorable growth environment for maize,indirectly promoting the growth and development of maize,and providing technical support for the increase of maize yield in medium-low yield soils.

Key words: Pseudomonas rhodesiae, Medium-low yield fields, Soil enzyme activity, Metagenomic sequencing, Soil microbial community structure, Soil microbial function

中图分类号:

李孟凯, 马佳, 彭杰丽, 贾楠, 王旭, 王浩, 胡栋. 霍氏假单胞菌M11对中低产田玉米的促生及根际土壤微生物群落结构和功能的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2026, 41(5): 152-164. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20196691.

LI Mengkai, MA Jia, PENG Jieli, JIA Nan, WANG Xu, WANG Hao, HU Dong. Effects of Pseudomonas rhodesiae M11 on the Growth of Maize and the Structure and Function of Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Community in Medium-low Yield Fields[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2026, 41(5): 152-164. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20196691.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2026/V41/I5/152

图/表 16

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序号 Number	菌株 Strain	菌落特征 Colony characteristics	最高相似性菌株 Similarity with known species	相似性/% Similarity
M3	白色芽孢杆菌	圆形,白色,表面干燥有褶皱	B.albus N35-10-2^T	99.86
M4	高地芽孢杆菌	圆形,米黄色,表面光滑湿润	B.altitudinis 41KF2b^T	99.93
M7	巨大芽孢杆菌	圆形,黄白色,平隆,表面略有光泽	B.megaterium NBRC 15308^T	100.00
M8	阿氏芽孢杆菌	圆形,米白色,菌落扁平,较大	B.aryabhattai B8W22^T	100.00
M9	安徽黄杆菌	圆形,黄色,表面有凸起	F.anhuiense D3^T	99.71
M10	东洋芽孢杆菌	圆形,白色,菌落扁平,边缘波纹状	B.toyonensis BCT-7112^T	99.93
M11	霍氏假单胞菌	圆形,白色,表面光滑湿润	P.rhodesiae CIP 104664^T	99.86
M12	吲哚氧化假单胞菌	圆形,边缘整齐,黄色,湿润,中央凸起	P.indoloxydans IPL-1^T	98.94
M17	蜡样芽孢杆菌	圆形,白色,表面干燥有褶皱	B.cereus ATCC 14579^T	99.72
M20	约氏不动杆菌	圆形,边缘瓣状,米白色,中央凸起,湿润	A.johnsonii ATCC 17909^T	99.51
M21	威兹曼芽孢杆菌	圆形,边缘整齐,乳白色	B.wiedmannii FSL W8-0169^T	99.88
M27	利雅得窄食单胞菌	圆形,米白色,菌落扁平,较大	S.riyadhensis CFS3442^T	99.85
M28	巨大芽孢杆菌	圆形,黄白色,平隆,表面略有光泽	B.megaterium NBRC 15308^T	99.93
M52	根际假单胞菌	圆形,边缘整齐,乳白色,表面光滑	P.rhizophila s211^T	99.93
M59	多粘芽孢杆菌	圆形,白色,表面光滑湿润	Pae.polymyxa ATCC 842^T	99.36
M65	人参土黄杆菌	圆形,边缘整齐,黄色,湿润,中央凸起	F.ginsengisoli DCY54^T	97.95
M169	水原微杆菌	圆形,边缘整齐,淡黄色,湿润,表面有凸起	M.suwonense M1T8B9^T	99.28
M182	特基拉芽孢杆菌	不规则圆形,白色,表面干燥有褶皱	B.tequilensis KCTC 13622^T	99.99
M211	环状尼尔菌	椭圆形,灰白色,表面光滑湿润	N.circulans ATCC 4513^T	99.44
M228	解淀粉芽孢杆菌	圆形,淡黄色,菌落不透明,表面有凸起	B.amyloliquefaciens NBRC 15535^T	100.00
M244	安徽黄杆菌	圆形,黄色,表面有凸起	F.anhuiense D3^T	99.85
M245	暹罗芽孢杆菌	圆形,乳白色,表面干燥有褶皱	B.siamensis KCTC 13613^T	99.86
M276	铜绿假单胞菌	不规则圆形,米白色,边缘不整齐,湿润	P.aeruginosa JCM 5962^T	99.79
M325	荧光假单胞菌	圆形,淡黄色,表面湿润有隆起	P.fluorescens F113^T	99.30
M339	墨西哥芽孢杆菌	圆形,浅黄色,湿润,中央凸起	B.mexicanus FSQ1^T	99.84
M427	贝莱斯芽孢杆菌	圆形,淡黄色,边缘整齐	B.velezensis CR-502^T	99.93

序号 Number	菌株 Strain	菌落特征 Colony characteristics	最高相似性菌株 Similarity with known species	相似性/% Similarity
M3	白色芽孢杆菌	圆形,白色,表面干燥有褶皱	B.albus N35-10-2^T	99.86
M4	高地芽孢杆菌	圆形,米黄色,表面光滑湿润	B.altitudinis 41KF2b^T	99.93
M7	巨大芽孢杆菌	圆形,黄白色,平隆,表面略有光泽	B.megaterium NBRC 15308^T	100.00
M8	阿氏芽孢杆菌	圆形,米白色,菌落扁平,较大	B.aryabhattai B8W22^T	100.00
M9	安徽黄杆菌	圆形,黄色,表面有凸起	F.anhuiense D3^T	99.71
M10	东洋芽孢杆菌	圆形,白色,菌落扁平,边缘波纹状	B.toyonensis BCT-7112^T	99.93
M11	霍氏假单胞菌	圆形,白色,表面光滑湿润	P.rhodesiae CIP 104664^T	99.86
M12	吲哚氧化假单胞菌	圆形,边缘整齐,黄色,湿润,中央凸起	P.indoloxydans IPL-1^T	98.94
M17	蜡样芽孢杆菌	圆形,白色,表面干燥有褶皱	B.cereus ATCC 14579^T	99.72
M20	约氏不动杆菌	圆形,边缘瓣状,米白色,中央凸起,湿润	A.johnsonii ATCC 17909^T	99.51
M21	威兹曼芽孢杆菌	圆形,边缘整齐,乳白色	B.wiedmannii FSL W8-0169^T	99.88
M27	利雅得窄食单胞菌	圆形,米白色,菌落扁平,较大	S.riyadhensis CFS3442^T	99.85
M28	巨大芽孢杆菌	圆形,黄白色,平隆,表面略有光泽	B.megaterium NBRC 15308^T	99.93
M52	根际假单胞菌	圆形,边缘整齐,乳白色,表面光滑	P.rhizophila s211^T	99.93
M59	多粘芽孢杆菌	圆形,白色,表面光滑湿润	Pae.polymyxa ATCC 842^T	99.36
M65	人参土黄杆菌	圆形,边缘整齐,黄色,湿润,中央凸起	F.ginsengisoli DCY54^T	97.95
M169	水原微杆菌	圆形,边缘整齐,淡黄色,湿润,表面有凸起	M.suwonense M1T8B9^T	99.28
M182	特基拉芽孢杆菌	不规则圆形,白色,表面干燥有褶皱	B.tequilensis KCTC 13622^T	99.99
M211	环状尼尔菌	椭圆形,灰白色,表面光滑湿润	N.circulans ATCC 4513^T	99.44
M228	解淀粉芽孢杆菌	圆形,淡黄色,菌落不透明,表面有凸起	B.amyloliquefaciens NBRC 15535^T	100.00
M244	安徽黄杆菌	圆形,黄色,表面有凸起	F.anhuiense D3^T	99.85
M245	暹罗芽孢杆菌	圆形,乳白色,表面干燥有褶皱	B.siamensis KCTC 13613^T	99.86
M276	铜绿假单胞菌	不规则圆形,米白色,边缘不整齐,湿润	P.aeruginosa JCM 5962^T	99.79
M325	荧光假单胞菌	圆形,淡黄色,表面湿润有隆起	P.fluorescens F113^T	99.30
M339	墨西哥芽孢杆菌	圆形,浅黄色,湿润,中央凸起	B.mexicanus FSQ1^T	99.84
M427	贝莱斯芽孢杆菌	圆形,淡黄色,边缘整齐	B.velezensis CR-502^T	99.93

序号 Number	固氮能力 Nitrogen- fixing capacity (SI)	产铁载体能力 Siderophore capacity (SI)	溶有机磷能力 Organo- phosphates solubility (SI)	IAA产量/ (mg/L) IAA production
M3	-	-	-	-
M4	1.50	-	1.33	-
M7	1.81	-	-	18.18
M8	-	-	1.09	17.25
M9	-	-	-	17.30
M10	1.75	-	-	-
M11	2.33	1.72	2.81	18.48
M12	1.29	-	-	-
M17	-	-	-	-
M20	-	-	-	-
M21	-	-	-	-
M27	-	-	-	16.09
M28	2.21	-	-	18.62
M52	-	-	-	-
M59	-	-	1.12	-
M65	-	-	-	-
M169	-	-	-	-
M182	-	-	-	-
M211	-	-	-	17.14
M228	-	-	-	-
M244	-	-	-	16.16
M245	1.44	-	-	-
M276	-	-	1.89	17.16
M325	1.13	-	-	16.77
M339	-	-	-	-
M427	1.85	1.42	1.51	15.84

序号 Number	固氮能力 Nitrogen- fixing capacity (SI)	产铁载体能力 Siderophore capacity (SI)	溶有机磷能力 Organo- phosphates solubility (SI)	IAA产量/ (mg/L) IAA production
M3	-	-	-	-
M4	1.50	-	1.33	-
M7	1.81	-	-	18.18
M8	-	-	1.09	17.25
M9	-	-	-	17.30
M10	1.75	-	-	-
M11	2.33	1.72	2.81	18.48
M12	1.29	-	-	-
M17	-	-	-	-
M20	-	-	-	-
M21	-	-	-	-
M27	-	-	-	16.09
M28	2.21	-	-	18.62
M52	-	-	-	-
M59	-	-	1.12	-
M65	-	-	-	-
M169	-	-	-	-
M182	-	-	-	-
M211	-	-	-	17.14
M228	-	-	-	-
M244	-	-	-	16.16
M245	1.44	-	-	-
M276	-	-	1.89	17.16
M325	1.13	-	-	16.77
M339	-	-	-	-
M427	1.85	1.42	1.51	15.84

处理 Treatments	株高/cm Plant height	地上部鲜质量/g Fresh weight of above ground	地上部干质量/g Dry weight of above ground	根部鲜质量/g Fresh weight of roots	根部干质量/g Dry weight of roots
CK	50.15±0.77d	5.57±0.20c	0.70±0.05c	1.33±0.12b	0.27±0.02b
M11_5	58.15±0.35b	6.62±0.07b	0.91±0.02ab	1.79±0.13a	0.33±0.01b
M11_7	61.45±0.93a	7.57±0.22a	0.95±0.04a	1.93±0.06a	0.40±0.01a
M11_9	54.13±1.33c	6.25±0.22b	0.82±0.02b	1.46±0.09b	0.31±0.02b

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