覆盖措施对马铃薯-小麦轮作土壤团聚体及其有机碳组分的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20196150

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探明半干旱雨养农业地区,覆盖措施(如秸秆还田、地膜覆盖)对土壤团聚体和有机碳的影响。以陇中旱地马铃薯-小麦轮作体系为研究对象,系统分析了秸秆碎秆覆盖还田(SR)、秸秆带状覆盖还田(SM)、地膜覆盖(PM)及露地(CK)对土壤有机碳组分(SOC、POC、MAOC)、团聚体稳定性及团聚体碳贡献率的影响,通过评估不同覆盖措施的土壤改良效应,整合土壤有机碳组分动态、团聚体稳定性等关键指标与文献报道的作物生产力及水分利用效率数据,筛选出能够协同提高有机碳和团聚体稳定性的最优覆盖模式。结果表明:马铃薯-小麦轮作中,3种覆盖措施均提高了马铃薯和小麦有机碳含量及团聚体稳定性,以SR处理效果最佳,与CK处理相比,SR和SM处理SOC含量增加了15.38%,7.78%,PM处理的SOC含量无显著变化,SR和SM处理增加了0~20 cm土层中POC含量18.54%,16.62%,PM降低了0~20 cm土层中POC含量3.06%;各处理对MAOC增加整体趋势表现为SR>SM>PM>CK。与CK处理相比,SR和SM处理增加了MWD、GMD、>2 mm团聚体占比及其SOC含量,而PM显著降低了MWD和GMD;SR增加0~20 cm土层中>2 mm粒级SOC富集系数17.26%,SR和SM处理显著增加>2 mm团聚体SOC贡献率。综上所述,在本试验条件下,3种覆盖措施均能增加土壤有机碳含量,而秸秆碎秆覆盖还田在提升土壤有机碳含量和团聚体稳定性方面表现最佳、效果更好,有效提升土壤地力。

关键词: 马铃薯-小麦轮作, 秸秆覆盖还田, 土壤团聚体, 土壤有机碳, 旱作农业

Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of mulching measures(such as straw returning and plastic film mulching)on soil aggregates and organic carbon in semi-arid rain-fed agricultural areas.The potato-wheat rotation system in the dryland of Longzhong was used as the research object.The effects of straw stubble mulching(SR),straw strip mulching(SM),plastic film mulching(PM)and open field(CK)on soil organic carbon components(SOC,POC,MAOC),aggregate stability and aggregate carbon contribution rate were systematically analyzed.By evaluating the soil improvement effect of different mulching measures,integrating the intrinsic indicators such as soil organic carbon component dynamics,aggregate stability and crop productivity and water use efficiency data reported in the literature,the optimal mulching mode that can synergistically improve organic carbon and aggregate stability was screened.The results showed that the organic carbon content and aggregate stability of potato and wheat were improved by three mulching measures in potato-wheat rotation,and the effect of SR treatment was the best.Compared with CK treatment,the SOC content of SR and SM treatment increased by 15.38% and 7.78%,and the SOC content of PM treatment did not change significantly.SR and SM treatment increased the POC content in 0—20 cm soil layer by 18.54%,16.62%,and PM decreased the POC content in 0—20 cm soil layer by 3.06%.The overall trend of MAOC increased in each treatment was SR>SM>PM>CK.Compared with CK treatment,SR and SM treatments increased the proportion of MWD,GMD,>2 mm aggregates and SOC content,while PM significantly reduced MWD and GMD.SR increased the SOC enrichment coefficient of>2 mm aggregates by 17.26% in 0—20 cm soil layer,and SR and SM treatments significantly increased the SOC contribution rate of>2 mm aggregates.In summary,under the conditions of this experiment,all three mulching measures can increase soil organic carbon content,and straw stubble mulching returning to the field has the best effect in improving soil organic carbon content and aggregate stability,effectively improving soil fertility.

Key words: Potato-wheat rotation, Straw mulching to the field, Soil aggregate, Soil organic carbon, Dry farming

中图分类号:

S344.1
S153

丁德胜, 逄蕾, 郑浩飞, 杨岩斌, 苟磊刚, 杨楠, 王明, 马生福, 王彦婷, 路建龙, 麻文浩. 覆盖措施对马铃薯-小麦轮作土壤团聚体及其有机碳组分的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2026, 41(4): 163-173. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20196150.

DING Desheng, PANG Lei, ZHENG Haofei, YANG Yanbin, GOU Leigang, YANG Nan, WANG Ming, MA Shengfu, WANG Yanting, LU Jianlong, MA Wenhao. Mulching Measures on Potato-Wheat Rotation Soil Aggregates and the Influence of Its Organic Carbon Components[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2026, 41(4): 163-173. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20196150.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2026/V41/I4/163

图/表 9

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作物 Crop	处理 Treatment	平均质量直径 MWD	几何平均直径 GMD
马铃薯	CK	0.59±0.02b	0.25±0.01c
Potato	PM	0.57±0.01b	0.20±0.01d
	SR	0.99±0.02a	0.41±0.00b
	SM	1.03±0.04a	0.45±0.02a
小麦	CK	0.46±0.02b	0.18±0.01b
Wheat	PM	0.38±0.01c	0.15±0.00c
	SR	0.63±0.03a	0.25±0.01a
	SM	0.41±0.01c	0.15±0.01c

作物 Crop	处理 Treatment	平均质量直径 MWD	几何平均直径 GMD
马铃薯	CK	0.59±0.02b	0.25±0.01c
Potato	PM	0.57±0.01b	0.20±0.01d
	SR	0.99±0.02a	0.41±0.00b
	SM	1.03±0.04a	0.45±0.02a
小麦	CK	0.46±0.02b	0.18±0.01b
Wheat	PM	0.38±0.01c	0.15±0.00c
	SR	0.63±0.03a	0.25±0.01a
	SM	0.41±0.01c	0.15±0.01c

作物 Crop	处理 Treatment	0~10 cm			10~20 cm
作物 Crop	处理 Treatment	>2 mm	2~0.25 mm	<0.25 mm	>2 mm	2~0.25 mm	<0.25 mm
马铃薯	CK	1.39±0.10a	2.06±0.03b	1.16±0.05c	1.27±0.06b	1.56±0.05a	1.37±0.06a
Potato	PM	1.53±0.08a	2.14±0.05ab	1.72±0.05a	1.52±0.09a	1.42±0.06ab	1.31±0.03a
	SR	1.38±0.02a	2.19±0.02a	1.39±0.04b	1.36±0.03ab	1.37±0.01b	1.48±0.10a
	SM	1.09±0.02b	1.92±0.01c	1.23±0.02c	1.35±0.02ab	1.42±0.04ab	1.39±0.01a
小麦	CK	1.13±0.01c	1.31±0.08ab	1.01±0.05a	1.50±0.09b	1.49±0.03ab	0.86±0.08c
Wheat	PM	1.17±0.03c	1.11±0.02c	0.92±0.03ab	1.36±0.02b	1.60±0.06a	1.32±0.03a
	SR	1.41±0.02a	1.24±0.04bc	0.79±0.02c	1.76±0.09a	1.48±0.09ab	0.97±0.01bc
	SM	1.27±0.00b	1.41±0.02a	0.84±0.01bc	1.83±0.01a	1.35±0.03b	1.08±0.07b

作物 Crop	处理 Treatment	0~10 cm			10~20 cm
作物 Crop	处理 Treatment	>2 mm	2~0.25 mm	<0.25 mm	>2 mm	2~0.25 mm	<0.25 mm
马铃薯	CK	1.39±0.10a	2.06±0.03b	1.16±0.05c	1.27±0.06b	1.56±0.05a	1.37±0.06a
Potato	PM	1.53±0.08a	2.14±0.05ab	1.72±0.05a	1.52±0.09a	1.42±0.06ab	1.31±0.03a
	SR	1.38±0.02a	2.19±0.02a	1.39±0.04b	1.36±0.03ab	1.37±0.01b	1.48±0.10a
	SM	1.09±0.02b	1.92±0.01c	1.23±0.02c	1.35±0.02ab	1.42±0.04ab	1.39±0.01a
小麦	CK	1.13±0.01c	1.31±0.08ab	1.01±0.05a	1.50±0.09b	1.49±0.03ab	0.86±0.08c
Wheat	PM	1.17±0.03c	1.11±0.02c	0.92±0.03ab	1.36±0.02b	1.60±0.06a	1.32±0.03a
	SR	1.41±0.02a	1.24±0.04bc	0.79±0.02c	1.76±0.09a	1.48±0.09ab	0.97±0.01bc
	SM	1.27±0.00b	1.41±0.02a	0.84±0.01bc	1.83±0.01a	1.35±0.03b	1.08±0.07b

作物 Crop	处理 Treatment	0~10 cm			10~20 cm
作物 Crop	处理 Treatment	>2 mm	2~0.25 mm	<0.25 mm	>2 mm	2~0.25 mm	<0.25 mm
马铃薯	CK	6.96±0.48c	65.78±3.80b	75.44±3.11c	6.51±0.15c	48.07±2.54b	96.09±4.35a
Potato	PM	10.07±0.52b	51.12±1.25c	119.85±3.53a	10.03±0.61b	33.98±1.53c	90.89±2.44a
	SR	9.12±0.17b	52.47±0.52c	96.17±2.60b	20.04±0.40a	50.61±0.48b	71.50±4.69b
	SM	16.24±0.29a	78.02±0.36a	51.61±2.40d	20.03±0.33a	57.60±1.59a	62.01±0.66b
小麦	CK	4.73±0.05c	36.62±2.28a	68.37±3.55a	5.28±0.30c	35.06±0.67a	49.07±4.64c
Wheat	PM	3.71±0.09d	22.16±0.36c	69.58±2.35a	3.17±0.06d	27.42±0.94b	85.91±2.22a
	SR	8.15±0.12a	29.51±0.48b	50.29±1.35b	8.45±0.42a	37.96±2.24a	51.21±0.31c
	SM	6.16±0.03b	22.56±0.25c	66.97±0.49a	7.22±0.03b	17.53±0.42c	69.39±4.32b

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