摘要： 为探究不同施肥方式下矿区复垦土壤团聚体稳定性及其有机碳分布特征，以晋东南黄土区采煤沉陷复垦区为研究对象，分析了连续8年施肥对复垦土壤团聚体数量、团聚体稳定性及团聚体中有机碳分布的影响。试验共设4个施肥处理：不施肥（CK）、化肥（NPK）、低量有机肥化肥配施（LOF）和高量有机肥化肥配施（HOF）。结果表明，施肥显著提高了>0.25 mm的大团聚体数量，HOF处理显著提高了各粒级团聚体比例，其中对2~1 mm和0.50~0.25 mm团聚体影响最大。有机肥化肥配施均显著提高了团聚体的平均重量直径（MWD）和几何平均直径（GMD），降低了土壤团聚体分形维数（D），提高了土壤团聚体的稳定性，HOF与LOF对土壤团聚体稳定性的影响差异不显著，NPK对复垦土壤的团聚体分形维数无显著影响。>0.25 mm各粒径团聚体有机碳含量高于<0.25 mm的微团聚体，大团聚体富集较多的有机碳，HOF显著增加了2~1 mm和5~2 mm粒径团聚体对土壤总有机碳的贡献率。土壤有机碳含量（SOC）、大团聚体数量（R_0.25）、MWD、GMD与>0.25 mm的各粒径团聚体含量均呈显著的正相关关系，SOC与R_0.25、MWD、GMD呈极显著正相关关系。在晋东南矿区复垦土壤上，高量有机肥化肥配施是提高土壤有机碳含量，增强土壤团聚体稳定性的有效施肥措施。

关键词: 矿区复垦土壤, 施肥, 土壤团聚体, 团聚体稳定性, 有机碳

Abstract: To explore the aggregate stability and organic carbon distribution characteristics of reclamation soil in the Southeastern Shanxi Mining Area under different fertilization,the long-term located trials with eight years were conducted to study the amount, stability and organic carbon distribution of soil aggregate. The test consisted of four fertilizer treatments,no fertilization (CK),chemical fertilizer (NPK),combination of low organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizers (LOF) and combination of high organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizers (HOF). The results showed that the application of fertilization significantly increased the number of large aggregates (> 0.25 mm),HOF treatment significantly increased the proportion of aggregate at each particle size, the effects on the particle size of 2-1 mm and 0.50-0.25 mm aggregates were highest with the HOF treatment. The average weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) of the aggregates were significantly increased and the fractal dimension (D) of soil aggregates was significantly reduced by the HOF and LOF treatments,which improved the stability of soil aggregates. There was not significant difference between HOF and LOF,and NPK had no significant influence on the fractal dimension. The organic carbon content of each particle size aggregate of>0.25 mm was higher than that of<0.25 mm,and the large aggregate was rich in organic carbon. The application of HOF significantly increased the contribution rate to soil nutrient of 5-2 mm and 2-1 mm particle size aggregate. There was a significant positive correlation between soil organic carbon (SOC),large aggregate number (R_0.25),MWD,GMD and aggregates >0.25 mm particle size,respectively. SOC and R_0.25,MWD,GMD were a very significant positive correlation. Therefore,in the Southeastern Shanxi Mining Area reclaimed,the application of high organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizers (HOF) is the effective method to improve soil organic carbon content and enhance the stability of soil aggregates.

Key words: Mining reclamation soil, Fertilization, Soil aggregates, Stability of soil aggregates, Organic carbon

中图分类号: 

• S156.99