不同施氮处理对芸豆光合特性及产量的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20196401

华北农学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 107-115. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20196401

所属专题： 土壤肥料；栽培生理；

• 耕作栽培•生理生化 • 上一篇下一篇

不同施氮处理对芸豆光合特性及产量的影响

范雅芳¹, 刘剑², 特木尔³, 陈文晋¹, 贺小勇¹, 程玉臣¹, 张赛楠¹, 赵晓宇¹, 张必周¹, 张建刚⁴, 王辉⁵

¹ 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院植物保护研究所, 内蒙古呼和浩特 010031
² 内蒙古农业大学职业技术学院, 内蒙古萨拉齐 014109
³ 鄂托克旗林业和草原局生态保护站, 内蒙古鄂托克旗 016100
⁴ 丰镇市农牧绿色发展中心, 内蒙古丰镇 012100
⁵ 丰镇市农牧和科技局(乡村振兴局)农牧经营管理服务中心, 内蒙古丰镇 012100

收稿日期:2025-08-29 出版日期:2026-06-28
通讯作者:
刘剑(1991-),男,内蒙古呼和浩特人,讲师,硕士,主要从事作物生理生态的研究。
作者简介:
范雅芳(1992-),女,内蒙古呼和浩特人,副研究员,博士,主要从事食用豆类栽培育种的研究。
基金资助:
2023年度引进人才科研启动支持经费(RO2400002411); 内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2024QN03054); 内蒙古自治区农牧业创新基金项目(2024QNJJNO5); 国家食用豆产业技术体系(CARS-08-Z06)

Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Treatments on the Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Kidney Beans

FAN Yafang¹, LIU Jian², Temuer³, CHEN Wenjin¹, HE Xiaoyong¹, CHENG Yuchen¹, ZHANG Sainan¹, ZHAO Xiaoyu¹, ZHANG Bizhou¹, ZHANG Jiangang⁴, WANG Hui⁵

¹ Plant Protection Institute, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China
² Vocational and Technical College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Salaqi 014109, China
³ Ecological Protection Station of Forestry and Grassland Bureau in Otog Banner, Otog Banner 016100, China
⁴ Fengzhen City Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Green Development Center, Fengzhen 012100, China
⁵ Fengzhen City Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Science and Technology Bureau(Rural Revitalization Bureau)Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Management Service Center, Fengzhen 012100, China

Received:2025-08-29 Published:2026-06-28

语音导读.mp3(791KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确不同施氮处理对芸豆光合特性及产量的影响,于2023,2024年以芸豆品种英国红为试验材料,设置0(N0),45(N45),90(N90),135(N135)kg/hm²4个氮肥处理,分析不同施氮处理对芸豆叶面积指数、叶绿素相对含量、地上部干物质量、产量、产量构成因素和种植效益的影响。结果表明,在施用0~135 kg/hm²氮肥处理下,芸豆光合特性、地上部干物质量和产量随着氮肥水平的增加而提高,各指标在N135和N90处理下显著高于N45和N0处理。N135处理下芸豆叶面积指数、叶绿素相对含量、地上部干物质量、单株荚数、单荚粒数、百粒质量和产量均最高,较N0处理分别提高14.71%~19.09%, 15.06%~19.45%, 25.37%~51.58%, 13.62%~18.20%, 8.50%~10.11%, 12.11%~16.35%和16.94%~18.03%,其中芸豆的平均产量为3 202.99 kg/hm²;N90处理次之,较N0处理的增幅分别为12.18%~17.15%, 13.87%~17.97%, 17.51%~31.45%, 12.03%~16.37%, 6.32%~7.91%, 9.88%~13.69%和16.23%~17.77%。N90处理下芸豆种植净利润最高,为45 596.85元/hm²,其次为N135处理,较N0处理分别提高16.63%和16.56%。施用氮肥通过增加叶片叶面积指数和叶绿素相对含量来提高光合特性,促进干物质积累,从而提高产量和种植效益。N135处理下芸豆产量最高,N90处理次之;N90处理下,芸豆净利润最高。综合芸豆产量和利润而言,90 kg/hm²氮肥处理(N90)是保证芸豆稳产高产、实现种植利润最大化的氮肥施用量,可以在内蒙古中部地区推广应用。

关键词: 芸豆, 叶面积指数, 叶绿素相对含量, 光合特性, 产量

Abstract:

To clarify the effects of different nitrogen application treatments on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of kidney beans,in 2023 and 2024,four nitrogen fertilizer treatments,0(N0),45(N45),90(N90),and 135 kg/ha(N135),were set up using British Red kidney bean as experimental material to analyze the effects of different nitrogen treatments on the leaf area index,relative chlorophyll content,aboveground dry matter weight,yield components and planting benefits.The results showed that under the nitrogen fertilizer treatment of 0-135 kg/ha,the photosynthetic characteristics,aboveground dry matter weight,and yield of kidney bean increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer level.All indicators were significantly higher in N135 and N90 treatments than in N45 and N0 treatments.The leaf area index,relative chlorophyll content,aboveground dry matter weight,number of pods per plant,number of grains per pod,100-grain weight,and yield of kidney beans were all the highest compared to the N0 treatment,increasing by 14.71%-19.09%, 15.06%-19.45%, 25.37%-51.58%, 13.62%-18.20%, 8.50%-10.11%, 12.11%-16.35%,and 16.94%-18.03%,respectively;the average yield was 3 202.99 kg/ha.The increase in the above indicators under N90 treatment was second only to that under N135 treatment,which were 12.18%-17.15%, 13.87%-17.97%, 17.51%-31.45%, 12.03%-16.37%, 6.32%-7.91%, 9.88%-13.69%, and 16.23%-17.77%,respectively.Under the N90 treatment,the planting net profit of kidney bean was the highest,at 45 596.85 yuan/ha,followed by the N135 treatment.Compared with the N0 treatment, the net profit increased by 16.63% under N90 and by 16.56% under N135.Applying nitrogen fertilizer improves photosynthetic characteristics and promotes dry matter accumulation by increasing leaf area index and relative chlorophyll content,thereby increasing yield and planting benefit.The highest yield of kidney beans was achieved under the N135 treatment,followed by the N90 treatment.The N90 treatment resulted in the highest profit for kidney beans.In terms of comprehensive kidney bean yield and profit,90 kg/ha nitrogen application treatment(N90)is the nitrogen fertilizer application amount that ensures stable and high yield of kidney bean and maximizes planting profit,and can be promoted and applied in the central regions of Inner Mongolia.

Key words: Kidney bean, Leaf area index, Relative chlorophyll content, Photosynthetic characteristics, Yield

中图分类号:

范雅芳, 刘剑, 特木尔, 陈文晋, 贺小勇, 程玉臣, 张赛楠, 赵晓宇, 张必周, 张建刚, 王辉. 不同施氮处理对芸豆光合特性及产量的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2026, 41(3): 107-115. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20196401.

FAN Yafang, LIU Jian, Temuer, CHEN Wenjin, HE Xiaoyong, CHENG Yuchen, ZHANG Sainan, ZHAO Xiaoyu, ZHANG Bizhou, ZHANG Jiangang, WANG Hui. Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Treatments on the Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Kidney Beans[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2026, 41(3): 107-115. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20196401.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2026/V41/I3/107

图/表 6

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[31]	吴贵生. 不同种植密度和采收时间对芸豆种子产量和质量的影响[D]. 大庆:黑龙江八一农垦大学, 2024.doi:10.27122/d.cnki.ghlnu.2024.000354.
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[32]	郭家萌, 何灵芝, 闫东良, 李卓, 王泳超, 邵瑞鑫, 杨青华. 控释氮肥和尿素配比对不同品种夏玉米氮素累积、转移及其利用效率的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(1):81-95.doi:10.11686/cyxb2020067.
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[33]	邢俊刚, 谢小清, 李胜楠, 薛丽华, 章建新, 蒋鹏程, 杨浩, 刘斌. 施氮量对冬包蛋小麦干物质积累、产量及氮肥利用效率的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2025, 45(3):386-394.doi:10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2025.03.12.
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[34]	柴健, 于爱忠, 王玉珑, 苏向向, 李悦, 王鹏飞, 吕汉强. 绿洲灌区绿肥还田配施化学氮肥对小麦干物质积累及产量的影响[J]. 西北农业学报, 2024, 33(5):787-797.doi:10.7606/j.issn.1004-1389.2024.05.002.
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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	单株荚数 Number of pods per plant	单荚粒数 Number of grains per pod	百粒质量/g 100-grain weight	产量/(kg/hm²) Yield
2023	N0	15.05±0.56c	4.59±0.02c	39.97±0.25d	2 731.92±66.48c
	N45	15.90±0.40b	4.74±0.04b	41.78±0.56c	2 951.48±39.77b
	N90	16.86±0.08a	4.88±0.08a	43.92±0.41b	3 175.20±9.63a
	N135	17.10±0.09a	4.98±0.10a	44.81±0.52a	3 194.65±38.51a
2024	N0	14.78±0.37c	4.55±0.05c	39.52±0.64d	2 720.80±20.56c
	N45	16.06±0.51b	4.74±0.05b	42.67±0.89c	2 965.37±19.70b
	N90	17.20±0.60ab	4.91±0.05a	44.93±0.66b	3 204.38±15.78a
	N135	17.47±0.58a	5.01±0.14a	45.98±0.77a	3 211.33±6.37a

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	单株荚数 Number of pods per plant	单荚粒数 Number of grains per pod	百粒质量/g 100-grain weight	产量/(kg/hm²) Yield
2023	N0	15.05±0.56c	4.59±0.02c	39.97±0.25d	2 731.92±66.48c
	N45	15.90±0.40b	4.74±0.04b	41.78±0.56c	2 951.48±39.77b
	N90	16.86±0.08a	4.88±0.08a	43.92±0.41b	3 175.20±9.63a
	N135	17.10±0.09a	4.98±0.10a	44.81±0.52a	3 194.65±38.51a
2024	N0	14.78±0.37c	4.55±0.05c	39.52±0.64d	2 720.80±20.56c
	N45	16.06±0.51b	4.74±0.05b	42.67±0.89c	2 965.37±19.70b
	N90	17.20±0.60ab	4.91±0.05a	44.93±0.66b	3 204.38±15.78a
	N135	17.47±0.58a	5.01±0.14a	45.98±0.77a	3 211.33±6.37a

指标 Index	开花期叶面积指数 LAI in R3	结荚期叶面积指数 LAI in R6	成熟期叶面积指数 LAI in R8	开花期的叶绿素相对含量 SPAD in R3	结荚期的叶绿素相对含量 SPAD in R6	成熟期的叶绿素相对含量 SPAD in R8	开花期地上部干物质量 Aboveground dry matter weight in R3	结荚期地上部干物质量 Aboveground dry matter weight in R6	成熟期地上部干物质量 Aboveground dry matter weight in R8	单株荚数 Number of pods per plant	单荚粒数 Number of grains per pod	百粒质量 100-grain weight	产量 Yield
开花期叶面积指数 LAI in R3	1.000
结荚期叶面积指数 LAI in R6	0.983^**	1.000
成熟期叶面积指数 LAI in R8	0.995^**	0.989^**	1.000
开花期的叶绿素相对含量 SPAD in R3	0.987^**	0.976^**	0.981^**	1.000
结荚期的叶绿素相对含量 SPAD in R6	0.980^**	0.991^**	0.985^**	0.990^**	1.000
成熟期的叶绿素相对含量 SPAD in R8	0.985^**	0.989^**	0.987^**	0.996^**	0.999^**	1.000
开花期地上部干物质量	0.934^**	0.905^**	0.921^**	0.964^**	0.947^**	0.955^**	1.000
Aboveground dry matter weight in R3
结荚期地上部干物质量	0.933^**	0.906^**	0.915^**	0.957^**	0.941^**	0.949^**	0.993^**	1.000
Aboveground dry matter weight in R6
成熟期地上部干物质量	0.928^**	0.912^**	0.914^**	0.958^**	0.948^**	0.954^**	0.992^**	0.998^**	1.000
Aboveground dry matter weight in R8
单株荚数Number of pods per plant	0.984^**	0.973^**	0.984^**	0.992^**	0.991^**	0.993^**	0.967^**	0.956^**	0.958^**	1.000
单荚粒数Number of grains per pod	0.972^**	0.958^**	0.962^**	0.988^**	0.981^**	0.985^**	0.986^**	0.986^**	0.987^**	0.989^**	1.000
百粒质量 100-grain weight	0.971^**	0.958^**	0.974^**	0.983^**	0.983^**	0.985^**	0.977^**	0.965^**	0.966^**	0.995^**	0.987^**	1.000
产量 Yield	0.990^**	0.990^**	0.991^**	0.996^**	0.995^**	0.998^**	0.942^**	0.935^**	0.938^**	0.991^**	0.978^**	0.978^**	1.000

指标 Index	开花期叶面积指数 LAI in R3	结荚期叶面积指数 LAI in R6	成熟期叶面积指数 LAI in R8	开花期的叶绿素相对含量 SPAD in R3	结荚期的叶绿素相对含量 SPAD in R6	成熟期的叶绿素相对含量 SPAD in R8	开花期地上部干物质量 Aboveground dry matter weight in R3	结荚期地上部干物质量 Aboveground dry matter weight in R6	成熟期地上部干物质量 Aboveground dry matter weight in R8	单株荚数 Number of pods per plant	单荚粒数 Number of grains per pod	百粒质量 100-grain weight	产量 Yield
开花期叶面积指数 LAI in R3	1.000
结荚期叶面积指数 LAI in R6	0.983^**	1.000
成熟期叶面积指数 LAI in R8	0.995^**	0.989^**	1.000
开花期的叶绿素相对含量 SPAD in R3	0.987^**	0.976^**	0.981^**	1.000
结荚期的叶绿素相对含量 SPAD in R6	0.980^**	0.991^**	0.985^**	0.990^**	1.000
成熟期的叶绿素相对含量 SPAD in R8	0.985^**	0.989^**	0.987^**	0.996^**	0.999^**	1.000
开花期地上部干物质量	0.934^**	0.905^**	0.921^**	0.964^**	0.947^**	0.955^**	1.000
Aboveground dry matter weight in R3
结荚期地上部干物质量	0.933^**	0.906^**	0.915^**	0.957^**	0.941^**	0.949^**	0.993^**	1.000
Aboveground dry matter weight in R6
成熟期地上部干物质量	0.928^**	0.912^**	0.914^**	0.958^**	0.948^**	0.954^**	0.992^**	0.998^**	1.000
Aboveground dry matter weight in R8
单株荚数Number of pods per plant	0.984^**	0.973^**	0.984^**	0.992^**	0.991^**	0.993^**	0.967^**	0.956^**	0.958^**	1.000
单荚粒数Number of grains per pod	0.972^**	0.958^**	0.962^**	0.988^**	0.981^**	0.985^**	0.986^**	0.986^**	0.987^**	0.989^**	1.000
百粒质量 100-grain weight	0.971^**	0.958^**	0.974^**	0.983^**	0.983^**	0.985^**	0.977^**	0.965^**	0.966^**	0.995^**	0.987^**	1.000
产量 Yield	0.990^**	0.990^**	0.991^**	0.996^**	0.995^**	0.998^**	0.942^**	0.935^**	0.938^**	0.991^**	0.978^**	0.978^**	1.000

处理 Treatment	支出(元/hm²)Expenditure			总支出/(元/hm²) Total expenditure	产量/(kg/hm²) Yield	总收入/(元/hm²) Gross income	净利润/(元/hm²) Net profit
处理 Treatment	氮肥 Nitrogenous fertilizer	种子 Seed	除草浇水 Hoeing and watering	总支出/(元/hm²) Total expenditure	产量/(kg/hm²) Yield	总收入/(元/hm²) Gross income	净利润/(元/hm²) Net profit
N0	0	1 000	800	1 800	2 726.36	40 895.44	39 095.44
N45	225	1 000	800	2 025	2 958.42	44 376.34	42 351.34
N90	450	1 000	800	2 250	3 189.79	47 846.85	45 596.85
N135	675	1 000	800	2 475	3 202.99	48 044.85	45 569.85

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