施氮对甜菜碳氮代谢与产质量形成的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20196252

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究不同施氮量对甜菜碳氮代谢与产质量形成的影响,试验在内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市内蒙古农业大学科技园区试验地进行,设置5个施氮处理,施氮量分别为0(N0),60(N60),120(N120),180(N180),240 kg/hm²(N240),分析不同处理下甜菜全生育期主要光合生理指标以及碳氮代谢关键酶及其产物的动态变化。结果表明,施氮对甜菜光合特性、碳氮代谢关键酶活性及产物的影响在不同生育期存在显著差异。光合特性上,6月17日、7月2日各施氮处理SPAD值较N0分别提高10.06%~32.45%,4.19%~26.98%;8月20日SPAD值、Fv/Fm以N180处理最高,且9月20日SPAD值和Fv/Fm较高。碳氮代谢关键酶活性方面,N180处理下,7月17日蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)、蔗糖合成酶(SS)、硝酸还原酶(NR)和谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性均最高,较N0分别提高17.20%,20.37%,18.39%,31.30%;9月20日SPS活性、8月5日SS活性最高,分别达15.51,21.59 μg/(g·min)。碳氮代谢物质方面,随着生育进程的推进,块根可溶性糖含量、叶片全氮含量整体呈升高的变化趋势,N180处理在8月5日叶片和块根全氮含量最高,在9月20日叶片可溶性糖含量最高。产质量方面,随着施氮量的增加,块根产量整体呈升高的变化趋势,含糖率整体呈降低的变化趋势;N180处理下块根产量为106.46 t/hm²(较N0提高31.00%),含糖率为13.43%(较N0下降0.63百分点),产糖量最高,为14.30 t/hm²(较N0提高25.11%)。相关性分析表明,碳代谢关键酶(SPS、SS)活性与产糖量整体呈正相关关系,碳代谢物质与产糖量整体呈负相关关系,氮代谢关键酶(NR、GS)活性与产糖量均呈正相关关系,块根全氮含量与产糖量整体呈正相关关系。综上,施氮量为180 kg/hm²时可通过优化甜菜叶片光合性能,促进叶片和块根碳氮代谢的协调,平衡块根产量与含糖率,提高产糖量。

关键词: 甜菜, 施氮量, 光合性能, 碳代谢, 氮代谢, 产糖量

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of varying nitrogen(N)application rates on carbon and nitrogen metabolism and the formation of yield and quality in sugar beet,a field experiment was conducted at the Science and Technology Park of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Five N application treatments were implemented with rates of 0(N0),60(N60),120(N120),180(N180),240 kg/ha (N240).Dynamic changes in the main photosynthetic physiological indices,along with key enzymes and products involved in carbon and nitrogen metabolism of sugar beet,were analyzed under different treatments throughout its entire growth stage.The results showed that nitrogen application exerted significantly different effects on the photosynthetic characteristics,activities of key carbon and nitrogen metabolic enzymes and their metabolic products in sugar beet across different growth stages.In terms of photosynthetic characteristics,the SPAD values of all N-applied treatments on June 17 and July 2 were 10.06%—32.45%,4.19%—26.98% higher than those of N0,respectively.The N180 treatment showed the highest SPAD value and Fv/Fm on August 20,and exhibited relatively high SPAD values and Fv/Fm on September 20.Regarding the activities of key carbon and nitrogen metabolic enzymes,the N180 treatment exhibited the highest activities of sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS),sucrose synthase(SS),nitrate reductase(NR),and glutamine synthetase(GS)on July 17,which were 17.20%,20.37%,18.39%,31.30% higher than those of N0,respectively.In addition,the SPS activity on September 20 and SS activity on August 5 in the N180 treatment were also the highest,reaching 15.51,21.59 μg/(g·min),respectively.Regarding carbon and nitrogen metabolites,with the progression of the growth period,the soluble sugar content in taproots and the total nitrogen content in leaves both exhibited an overall increasing trend.The N180 treatment exhibited the highest total nitrogen content in both leaves and taproots on August 5,and the highest soluble sugar content in leaves on September 20.In terms of yield and quality,with the increase in nitrogen application rate,taproot yield showed an overall increasing trend,while sugar content exhibited an overall decreasing trend.Under the N180 treatment,the taproot yield reached 106.46 t/ha(31.00% higher than N0),the sugar content was 13.43%(0.63 percentage points lower than N0),and the sugar yield was the highest at 14.30 t/ha(25.11% higher than N0).Correlation analysis indicated that the activities of key enzymes(SPS,SS)of carbon metabolism were positively correlated with sugar yield,and carbon metabolites were negatively correlated with sugar yield overall.The activities of key enzymes(NR,GS)of nitrogen metabolism were positively correlated with sugar yield,and the total nitrogen content of taproots was positively correlated with sugar yield overall.In conclusion,a nitrogen application rate of 180 kg/ha optimized the photosynthetic performance of sugar beet leaves,promoted the coordination of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in leaves and taproots,balanced taproot yield and sugar content,and thus increased sugar yield.

Key words: Sugar beet, Nitrogen application, Photosynthetic performance, Carbon metabolism, Nitrogen metabolism, Sugar yield

中图分类号:

佟兴波, 魏磊, 张依娜, 董石峰, 邢旭明, 崔伟东, 隋文雪, 杨泽宇, 史树德. 施氮对甜菜碳氮代谢与产质量形成的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2026, 41(2): 170-178. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20196252.

TONG Xingbo, WEI Lei, ZHANG Yina, DONG Shifeng, XING Xuming, CUI Weidong, SUI Wenxue, YANG Zeyu, SHI Shude. Effects of Nitrogen Application on Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism, Yield and Quality Formation of Sugar Beet[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2026, 41(2): 170-178. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20196252.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2026/V41/I2/170

图/表 8

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器官 Organ	处理 Treatment	取样日期(月-日) Sampling date
器官 Organ	处理 Treatment	06-17	07-02	07-17	08-05	08-20	09-20
叶片	N0	52.36±8.48a	105.76±1.41a	141.68±15.07a	138.40±8.34b	188.78±0.38a	177.16±5.47ab
Leaf	N60	39.21±3.65b	92.33±0.52cd	119.61±11.85b	158.95±12.95a	153.65±5.79c	190.17±16.66a
	N120	32.00±2.06b	96.78±5.66bc	123.89±3.73b	128.82±6.16bc	131.16±13.05d	180.74±7.20ab
	N180	54.62±0.74a	98.67±0.46b	120.77±8.19b	119.04±11.17c	172.25±8.54ab	193.78±3.20a
	N240	33.06±0.72b	91.08±0.65d	117.96±3.99b	134.05±8.10bc	156.04±12.20bc	163.93±10.49b
块根	N0	135.49±0.54a	163.00±1.21a	395.34±27.02a	638.10±12.87a	729.08±0.63a	788.80±14.28a
Taproot	N60	131.66±4.78a	161.17±4.70a	348.14±5.13b	628.35±17.11a	677.01±20.15b	759.63±3.65b
	N120	100.04±8.71b	162.75±7.64a	343.63±13.27b	617.29±8.50a	657.46±10.26c	734.18±14.20bc
	N180	133.04±2.79a	162.10±4.84a	336.98±16.37b	615.52±11.22a	653.43±15.12c	729.07±9.20c
	N240	128.67±6.83a	159.18±2.34a	321.79±15.58b	568.89±15.55b	635.18±17.76c	717.97±22.29c

器官 Organ	处理 Treatment	取样日期(月-日) Sampling date
器官 Organ	处理 Treatment	06-17	07-02	07-17	08-05	08-20	09-20
叶片	N0	52.36±8.48a	105.76±1.41a	141.68±15.07a	138.40±8.34b	188.78±0.38a	177.16±5.47ab
Leaf	N60	39.21±3.65b	92.33±0.52cd	119.61±11.85b	158.95±12.95a	153.65±5.79c	190.17±16.66a
	N120	32.00±2.06b	96.78±5.66bc	123.89±3.73b	128.82±6.16bc	131.16±13.05d	180.74±7.20ab
	N180	54.62±0.74a	98.67±0.46b	120.77±8.19b	119.04±11.17c	172.25±8.54ab	193.78±3.20a
	N240	33.06±0.72b	91.08±0.65d	117.96±3.99b	134.05±8.10bc	156.04±12.20bc	163.93±10.49b
块根	N0	135.49±0.54a	163.00±1.21a	395.34±27.02a	638.10±12.87a	729.08±0.63a	788.80±14.28a
Taproot	N60	131.66±4.78a	161.17±4.70a	348.14±5.13b	628.35±17.11a	677.01±20.15b	759.63±3.65b
	N120	100.04±8.71b	162.75±7.64a	343.63±13.27b	617.29±8.50a	657.46±10.26c	734.18±14.20bc
	N180	133.04±2.79a	162.10±4.84a	336.98±16.37b	615.52±11.22a	653.43±15.12c	729.07±9.20c
	N240	128.67±6.83a	159.18±2.34a	321.79±15.58b	568.89±15.55b	635.18±17.76c	717.97±22.29c

器官 Organ	处理 Treatment	取样日期(月-日) Sampling date
器官 Organ	处理 Treatment	06-17	07-02	07-17	08-05	08-20	09-20
叶片	N0	40.10±1.75a	44.15±0.16b	41.24±0.38c	44.09±0.36b	42.60±3.24c	50.31±1.93b
Leaf	N60	34.79±1.51b	43.82±1.21b	44.34±0.73b	44.25±1.82b	44.11±2.40bc	51.27±1.42b
	N120	40.00±1.20a	44.22±1.51b	44.16±1.24b	47.20±1.27ab	47.34±2.44abc	51.30±0.68b
	N180	40.35±2.15a	46.79±0.86a	48.41±1.81a	50.28±2.66a	50.42±2.68a	54.89±0.52a
	N240	41.39±0.70a	46.32±0.85a	46.06±1.52b	49.49±1.31a	48.84±2.44ab	53.11±2.22ab
块根	N0	18.15±1.31a	14.52±1.73a	13.99±0.95c	15.03±1.61b	11.70±1.13c	13.00±1.39a
Taproot	N60	14.51±0.77b	15.15±1.52a	15.89±0.63abc	15.70±0.95b	13.96±0.57b	14.92±2.84a
	N120	16.96±1.60ab	15.33±0.59a	15.35±2.25bc	15.22±1.13b	14.68±0.36b	16.28±3.59a
	N180	17.99±1.76a	15.26±2.44a	18.80±2.16a	19.07±1.31a	17.84±1.25a	15.51±0.87a
	N240	18.89±1.97a	15.73±1.32a	17.48±1.46ab	16.28±1.78b	16.30±0.63a	16.44±0.81a

器官 Organ	处理 Treatment	取样日期(月-日) Sampling date
器官 Organ	处理 Treatment	06-17	07-02	07-17	08-05	08-20	09-20
叶片	N0	40.10±1.75a	44.15±0.16b	41.24±0.38c	44.09±0.36b	42.60±3.24c	50.31±1.93b
Leaf	N60	34.79±1.51b	43.82±1.21b	44.34±0.73b	44.25±1.82b	44.11±2.40bc	51.27±1.42b
	N120	40.00±1.20a	44.22±1.51b	44.16±1.24b	47.20±1.27ab	47.34±2.44abc	51.30±0.68b
	N180	40.35±2.15a	46.79±0.86a	48.41±1.81a	50.28±2.66a	50.42±2.68a	54.89±0.52a
	N240	41.39±0.70a	46.32±0.85a	46.06±1.52b	49.49±1.31a	48.84±2.44ab	53.11±2.22ab
块根	N0	18.15±1.31a	14.52±1.73a	13.99±0.95c	15.03±1.61b	11.70±1.13c	13.00±1.39a
Taproot	N60	14.51±0.77b	15.15±1.52a	15.89±0.63abc	15.70±0.95b	13.96±0.57b	14.92±2.84a
	N120	16.96±1.60ab	15.33±0.59a	15.35±2.25bc	15.22±1.13b	14.68±0.36b	16.28±3.59a
	N180	17.99±1.76a	15.26±2.44a	18.80±2.16a	19.07±1.31a	17.84±1.25a	15.51±0.87a
	N240	18.89±1.97a	15.73±1.32a	17.48±1.46ab	16.28±1.78b	16.30±0.63a	16.44±0.81a

器官 Organ	处理 Treatment	取样日期(月-日) Sampling date
器官 Organ	处理 Treatment	06-17	07-02	07-17	08-05	08-20	09-20
叶片	N0	1.31±0.21ab	2.40±0.03a	3.44±0.37a	3.14±0.19b	4.43±0.01a	3.52±0.11a
Leaf	N60	1.28±0.10b	2.11±0.01b	2.70±0.27b	3.59±0.29a	3.48±0.13b	3.71±0.32a
	N120	0.80±0.05c	2.19±0.13b	2.81±0.08b	2.73±0.13c	2.77±0.28c	3.52±0.14a
	N180	1.35±0.02a	2.11±0.01b	2.49±0.17b	2.37±0.22c	3.42±0.17b	3.53±0.06a
	N240	0.79±0.02c	1.97±0.01c	2.56±0.09b	2.71±0.16c	3.19±0.25b	3.08±0.20b
块根	N0	7.14±0.33b	11.23±0.08b	28.60±2.47a	35.95±6.58a	62.34±0.05a	60.67±1.10a
Taproot	N60	9.07±0.33a	12.51±0.36a	19.64±2.42c	41.30±1.61a	48.51±1.44b	59.93±0.24b
	N120	5.90±0.51c	12.49±0.59a	23.81±2.30b	40.55±2.56a	44.78±0.70c	47.11±1.40c
	N180	7.40±0.15b	11.77±0.35b	17.92±0.87c	32.28±0.59a	38.97±1.09d	48.77±0.83c
	N240	6.81±0.36b	11.53±0.17b	18.53±1.10c	39.67±7.96a	36.64±0.85e	43.69±1.36d

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