秸秆还田减施氮肥对绿豆叶绿素含量、干物质积累及产量的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20195986

华北农学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 161-169. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195986

所属专题： 土壤肥料；

• 资源环境·植物保护 • 上一篇下一篇

秸秆还田减施氮肥对绿豆叶绿素含量、干物质积累及产量的影响

范雅芳¹, 刘剑², 陈文晋¹, 贺小勇¹, 程玉臣¹, 张赛楠³, 赵晓宇³, 张必周⁴

¹ 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院植物保护研究所, 内蒙古呼和浩特 010031
² 内蒙古农业大学职业技术学院, 内蒙古萨拉齐 014109
³ 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院玉米研究所, 内蒙古呼和浩特 010031
⁴ 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院特色作物研究所, 内蒙古呼和浩特 010031

收稿日期:2025-04-02 出版日期:2026-05-06
通讯作者:
贺小勇(1969—),男,内蒙古呼和浩特人,研究员,硕士,主要从事食用豆类栽培育种研究。
作者简介:
范雅芳(1992—),女,内蒙古呼和浩特人,副研究员,博士,主要从事食用豆类栽培育种研究。
基金资助:
内蒙古自治区自然科学项目(2024QN03054); 2023年度引进人才科研启动支持经费(RO2400002411); 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院青年创新基金项目(2024QNJJNO5); 国家食用豆产业技术体系(CARS-08-Z06); 2024年内蒙古农业大学职业技术学院科研项目(2024QNZX03)

Effect of Straw Returning and Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction on Chlorophyll Content,Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Mung Beans

FAN Yafang¹, LIU Jian², CHEN Wenjin¹, HE Xiaoyong¹, CHENG Yuchen¹, ZHANG Sainan³, ZHAO Xiaoyu³, ZHANG Bizhou⁴

¹ Plant Protection Institute, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China
² Vocational and Technical College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Salaqi 014109, China
³ Maize Research Institute, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China
⁴ Special Crops Institute, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China

Received:2025-04-02 Published:2026-05-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在明确内蒙古中部地区秸秆还田减施氮肥对绿豆叶绿素含量、干物质积累及产量的影响,为绿豆栽培中秸秆资源合理利用以及科学施氮提供参考。以科绿1号绿豆品种为试验材料,采用2因素裂区设计,设置2种栽培措施:秸秆还田(ST)和秸秆不还田(NST),4个施氮水平:0(N0),45(N45),90(N90),135(N135)kg/hm²,共8个处理组合,分析各处理对不同时期绿豆叶绿素含量、地上部各器官干物质量以及成熟期主要农艺性状、产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明,不同时期各处理绿豆叶绿素含量、地上部各器官干物质量、主要农艺性状、产量及其构成因素均表现为 ST + N90 > ST + N135 > ST + N45 > NST + N90 > NST + N135 > NST + N45 > ST + N0 > NST + N0。 ST+N90处理结荚期绿豆叶绿素含量、开花期叶片干物质量、成熟期茎秆干物质量、结荚期豆荚干物质量、成熟期籽粒干物质量、主茎分枝数、主茎节数、荚长、荚宽,单株荚数、单荚粒数、百粒质量、产量均最高,分别较NST+N0增加24.33%,30.56%,26.83%,28.58%,43.85%,6.13%,7.03%,5.62%,16.35%,13.22%,4.45%,8.90%,23.46%。秸秆还田配施90 kg/hm²氮肥处理能够提高绿豆叶绿素含量,促进植株地上部各器官干物质积累,提高产量,是绿豆栽培中较为理想的措施。

关键词: 绿豆, 秸秆还田, 减施氮肥, 叶绿素含量, 干物质量, 产量

Abstract:

Clarify the effect of straw returning and nitrogen fertilizer reduction on chlorophyll content,dry matter accumulation and yield of mung beans in Inner Mongolia central region,and to provide reference for the rational utilization of straw resources and scientific nitrogen application in mung bean cultivation.It used Kelyu 1 mung bean as the material and two factor split zone design was used.Two cultivation measures were set up:straw returning(ST)and no straw returning(NST)and four nitrogen fertilizer application levels were set up:0(N0),45(N45),90(N90),135(N135)kg/ha,for a total of eight treatments.To analyze the effects of different treatments at different stages on mung bean on chlorophyll content,dry matter weight of aboveground organs,main agronomic traits at maturity stage,yield and its components.The results showed that the chlorophyll content,dry matter weight of aboveground organs,main agronomic traits,yield and its constituent factors of mung beans treated differently at different stages were as follows:ST+N90>ST+N135>ST+N45>NST+N90>NST+N135>NST+N45>ST+N0>NST+N0.Compared with the NST+N0 treatment,ST+N90 treatment had the highest chlorophyll content at the podding stage,leaf dry matter weight at the flowering stage,stem dry matter weight at the maturity stage,pod dry matter weight at the podding stage,grain dry matter weight at the maturity stage,number of main stem branches,number of main stem nodes,pod length,pod width,number of pods per plant,number of seeds per pod,100-seed weight,and yield of mung beans,with increases of 24.33%,30.56%,26.83%,28.58%,43.85%,6.13%,7.03%,5.62%,16.35%,13.22%,4.45%,8.90% and 23.46%.The straw returning with 90 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer application treatment can increase the mung beans chlorophyll content,promote the accumulation of aboveground organs dry matter weight,and improve the yield.It is an ideal measure in mung bean cultivation.

Key words: Mung bean, Straw returning, Nitrogen fertilizer reduction, Chlorophyll content, Dry matter weight, Yield

中图分类号:

范雅芳, 刘剑, 陈文晋, 贺小勇, 程玉臣, 张赛楠, 赵晓宇, 张必周. 秸秆还田减施氮肥对绿豆叶绿素含量、干物质积累及产量的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2026, 41(2): 161-169. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195986.

FAN Yafang, LIU Jian, CHEN Wenjin, HE Xiaoyong, CHENG Yuchen, ZHANG Sainan, ZHAO Xiaoyu, ZHANG Bizhou. Effect of Straw Returning and Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction on Chlorophyll Content,Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Mung Beans[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2026, 41(2): 161-169. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195986.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2026/V41/I2/161

图/表 7

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处理 Treatment	幼苗期 Seedling stage	开花期 Flowering stage	结荚期 Podding stage	成熟期 Maturity stage
ST+N0	26.15±0.92ef	38.92±0.68de	47.96±0.19e	15.30±0.95cd
ST+N45	28.58±1.41bc	42.60±1.11b	52.07±0.46bc	16.65±0.31b
ST+N90	30.87±0.62a	44.95±0.21a	56.32±0.73a	18.03±0.92a
ST+N135	29.53±0.86b	43.19±0.42b	53.23±0.61b	16.88±0.51b
NST+N0	25.16±0.38f	37.40±0.09e	45.30±0.19f	14.70±1.00d
NST+N45	26.56±0.69de	40.16±0.83cd	49.34±1.05de	15.63±0.25bcd
NST+N90	27.74±0.18cd	41.73±0.57bc	51.15±0.59cd	16.38±0.76bc
NST+N135	26.96±0.06de	40.71±0.80c	49.91±1.36cd	15.98±1.28bc

处理 Treatment	幼苗期 Seedling stage	开花期 Flowering stage	结荚期 Podding stage	成熟期 Maturity stage
ST+N0	26.15±0.92ef	38.92±0.68de	47.96±0.19e	15.30±0.95cd
ST+N45	28.58±1.41bc	42.60±1.11b	52.07±0.46bc	16.65±0.31b
ST+N90	30.87±0.62a	44.95±0.21a	56.32±0.73a	18.03±0.92a
ST+N135	29.53±0.86b	43.19±0.42b	53.23±0.61b	16.88±0.51b
NST+N0	25.16±0.38f	37.40±0.09e	45.30±0.19f	14.70±1.00d
NST+N45	26.56±0.69de	40.16±0.83cd	49.34±1.05de	15.63±0.25bcd
NST+N90	27.74±0.18cd	41.73±0.57bc	51.15±0.59cd	16.38±0.76bc
NST+N135	26.96±0.06de	40.71±0.80c	49.91±1.36cd	15.98±1.28bc

处理 Treatment	主茎分枝数/个 Number of main stem branches	主茎节数/个 Number of main stem nodes	荚长/cm Pod length	荚宽/mm Pod width
ST+N0	4.27±0.02f	9.10±0.06de	9.40±0.03d	5.43±0.06e
ST+N45	4.42±0.02c	9.44±0.06b	9.67±0.06bc	5.90±0.10c
ST+N90	4.50±0.02a	9.66±0.03a	9.84±0.02a	6.17±0.06a
ST+N135	4.46±0.03b	9.52±0.05b	9.72±0.09b	6.03±0.06b
NST+N0	4.24±0.02f	9.03±0.06e	9.32±0.03e	5.30±0.01f
NST+N45	4.30±0.01e	9.20±0.12cd	9.43±0.03d	5.60±0.01d
NST+N90	4.38±0.02d	9.41±0.06b	9.60±0.03c	5.83±0.06c
NST+N135	4.33±0.02e	9.24±0.06c	9.47±0.02d	5.70±0.01d

处理 Treatment	主茎分枝数/个 Number of main stem branches	主茎节数/个 Number of main stem nodes	荚长/cm Pod length	荚宽/mm Pod width
ST+N0	4.27±0.02f	9.10±0.06de	9.40±0.03d	5.43±0.06e
ST+N45	4.42±0.02c	9.44±0.06b	9.67±0.06bc	5.90±0.10c
ST+N90	4.50±0.02a	9.66±0.03a	9.84±0.02a	6.17±0.06a
ST+N135	4.46±0.03b	9.52±0.05b	9.72±0.09b	6.03±0.06b
NST+N0	4.24±0.02f	9.03±0.06e	9.32±0.03e	5.30±0.01f
NST+N45	4.30±0.01e	9.20±0.12cd	9.43±0.03d	5.60±0.01d
NST+N90	4.38±0.02d	9.41±0.06b	9.60±0.03c	5.83±0.06c
NST+N135	4.33±0.02e	9.24±0.06c	9.47±0.02d	5.70±0.01d

处理 Treatment	单株荚数/个 Number of pods per plant	单荚粒数/粒 Number of seeds per pod	百粒质量/g 100-seed weight	产量/(kg/hm²) Yield
ST+N0	32.32±0.42e	11.21±0.06e	6.24±0.03g	1 514.65±26.80f
ST+N45	34.22±0.20c	11.53±0.01bc	6.54±0.07c	1 711.97±20.98bc
ST+N90	35.57±0.47a	11.65±0.03a	6.77±0.12a	1 784.23±16.67a
ST+N135	34.82±0.22b	11.58±0.02b	6.65±0.02b	1 742.54±22.06b
NST+N0	31.42±0.48f	11.15±0.09e	6.22±0.04g	1 445.17±12.74g
NST+N45	32.91±0.34d	11.40±0.01d	6.39±0.06f	1 592.46±22.06e
NST+N90	34.06±0.07c	11.49±0.02c	6.52±0.04d	1 692.51±14.44c
NST+N135	33.12±0.14d	11.42±0.02d	6.44±0.03e	1 642.49±25.01d

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秸秆还田减施氮肥对绿豆叶绿素含量、干物质积累及产量的影响

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