土壤碳氮协同转化对库尔勒香梨产量及品质的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20195868

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在探究氮肥减施配施有机肥对香梨园0~60 cm土壤碳氮含量变化以及香梨产量、品质的影响,提出最佳氮肥减施用量与有机肥配比。以10~12 a生库尔勒香梨树为试验材料,连续3 a设置常规施氮(表示为N,300 kg/hm²)处理,3个氮肥减施处理(分别表示为N1、N2、N3,较常规施氮处理减少10%,20%,30%)配施2个有机肥处理(表示为OF1、OF2,施用羊粪22 500,33 750 kg/hm²),并形成氮肥减施配施有机肥处理:N1F1、N2F1、N3F1、N1F2、N2F2、N3F2,对库尔勒香梨园土壤碳氮含量、土壤碳氮比以及香梨产量、品质进行测定与分析。结果表明:N1F1、N1F2、N2F2、N3F2显著促进香梨园土壤全碳、有机碳、无机碳、微生物量碳(SMBC)及硝态氮、铵态氮含量,提高土壤碳氮比和香梨果实中的可溶性糖、维生素C的含量,降低香梨果实中的总酸含量,并对产量无显著影响;N2F1对土壤硝态氮、铵态氮含量有显著促进作用,对香梨产量和品质无显著影响;N3F1显著抑制土壤碳组分含量以及香梨产量,并降低果实中可溶性糖含量。土壤硝态氮、铵态氮、有机碳、无机碳、全氮、全碳、SMBC、微生物量氮(SMBN)与香梨品质呈现显著或极显著正相关关系,土壤C/N与香梨产量、品质呈现显著或极显著负相关关系,其中土壤有机碳、全氮、硝态氮、铵态氮对香梨产量、品质的作用更为显著,在后续的施肥处理中,通过促进土壤有机碳、全氮、硝态氮、铵态氮含量,调节土壤C/N,更好地提高库尔勒香梨产量,提升果实品质。10~12 a生库尔勒香梨树的经营过程中,在常规施氮的基础上减氮20%~30%,同时配施有机肥33 750 kg/hm²处理,有利于调节土壤碳氮含量,增加香梨品质,降低化肥施用量,减少土壤污染,保证土壤环境健康。

关键词: 库尔勒香梨, 土壤养分, 碳氮比, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

This study aims to explore the effects of reduced nitrogen application combined with organic fertilizer on soil carbon and nitrogen contents in the 0—60 cm layer of fragrant pear orchards,as well as the yield and quality of Korla fragrant pears,and to propose the optimal rate of reduced nitrogen application and matching ratio of organic fertilizer.Using 10—12-year-old Korla fragrant pear trees as test materials,a 3-year continuous experiment was carried out.The experiment set up a conventional nitrogen application treatment(denoted as N,with 300 kg/ha of nitrogen applied),three reduced nitrogen application treatments(denoted as N1,N2,N3,which reduced nitrogen by 10%,20%,and 30% respectively compared with the conventional nitrogen application treatment),and two organic fertilizer treatments(denoted as OF1 and OF2,with 22 500,33 750 kg/ha of sheep manure applied respectively).These treatments were combined to form six integrated treatments:N1F1,N2F1,N3F1,N1F2,N2F2,and N3F2.The soil carbon and nitrogen contents,soil carbon-to-nitrogen ratio(C/N),as well as the yield and quality of Korla fragrant pears were determined.The result showed that N1F1,N1F2,N2F2,and N3F2 treatments significantly increased the contents of total soil carbon,soil organic carbon,soil inorganic carbon,soil microbial biomass carbon(SMBC),soil nitrate nitrogen,and soil ammonium nitrogen in the orchard.They also increased the soil C/N ratio,the contents of soluble sugar and vitamin C in pear fruits,decreased the total acid content in fruits,and had no significant effect on pear yield.The N2F1 treatment significantly promoted the contents of soil nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen but had no significant effect on pear yield or quality.The N3F1 treatment significantly inhibited the contents of soil carbon fractions and pear yield and reduced the soluble sugar content in fruits.Correlation analysis showed that soil nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,organic carbon,inorganic carbon,total nitrogen,total carbon,SMBC,and soil microbial biomass nitrogen(SMBN)were significantly or extremely significantly correlated with pear quality;the soil C/N ratio was significantly or extremely significantly negatively correlated with pear yield and quality.Among these factors,soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,and ammonium nitrogen had more prominent effects on pear yield and quality.Therefore,in subsequent fertilization management,improving the contents of soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,and ammonium nitrogen and regulating the soil C/N ratio can better increase the yield and improve the fruit quality of Korla fragrant pears.In the management of 10—12-year-old Korla fragrant pear trees,reducing nitrogen application by 20%—30% on the basis of the conventional nitrogen application rate while applying organic fertilizer at 33 750 kg/ha is beneficial.This measure regulates soil carbon and nitrogen contents,improves pear quality,reduces chemical fertilizer input to alleviate soil pollution,and ensures the health of the soil environment.

Key words: Korla fragrant pear, Soil nutrients, Carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, Yield, Quality

中图分类号:

严琳森, 丁邦新, 李杰, 杨乐乐, 何展一, 沈幸, 柴仲平. 土壤碳氮协同转化对库尔勒香梨产量及品质的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2026, 41(2): 146-160. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195868.

YAN Linsen, DING Bangxin, LI Jie, YANG Lele, HE Zhanyi, SHEN Xing, CHAI Zhongping. Effects of Soil Carbon-Nitrogen Co-transformation on the Yield and Quality of Korla Fragrant Pears[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2026, 41(2): 146-160. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195868.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2026/V41/I2/146

图/表 14

表1 氮肥减量配施有机肥试验方案

Tab.1 Experimental scheme for reducing nitrogen fertilizer application and combined application of organic fertilizer

处理 Treatment		肥料用量 Fertilizer application rate
		施用量/(kg/hm²) Application rate				每株施用量/kg Application rate per plant
		N	P₂O₅	K₂O	羊粪 Sheep manure	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	羊粪 Sheep manure
1	CK	300	300	75	0	0.267	0.267	0.067	0
2	N1F1	270	300	75	22 500	0.240	0.267	0.067	20
3	N2F1	240	300	75	22 500	0.213	0.267	0.067	20
4	N3F1	210	300	75	22 500	0.187	0.267	0.067	20
5	N1F2	270	300	75	33 750	0.240	0.267	0.067	30
6	N2F2	240	300	75	33 750	0.213	0.267	0.067	30
7	N3F2	210	300	75	33 750	0.187	0.267	0.067	30

图1 减氮配施有机肥对香梨园土壤全碳的影响不同小写字母表示同一土层不同处理之间差异显著(P<0.05)。图2—12同。

Fig.1 Effects of reducing nitrogen fertilizer application combined with organic fertilizer on total soil carbon in fragrant pear orchards Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments in the same layer(P<0.05).The same as Fig.2—12.

图2 减氮配施有机肥对香梨园土壤有机碳的影响

Fig.2 Effects of reducing nitrogen fertilizer combined with applying organic fertilizer on soil organic carbon in fragrant pear orchards

图3 减氮配施有机肥对香梨园土壤无机碳的影响

Fig.3 Effects of reducing nitrogen application and combined application of organic fertilizer on soil inorganic carbon in fragrant pear orchards

图4 减氮配施有机肥对香梨园土壤微生物量碳的影响

Fig.4 Effects of reducing nitrogen application and applying organic fertilizer in combination on soil microbial biomass carbon in fragrant pear orchards

图5 减氮配施有机肥对香梨园土壤全氮的影响

Fig.5 Effects of reducing nitrogen fertilizer and applying organic fertilizer in combination on soil total nitrogen in fragrant pear orchards

图6 减氮配施有机肥对香梨园土壤硝态氮的影响

Fig.6 Effects of reducing nitrogen fertilizer application and combined application of organic fertilizer on soil nitrate nitrogen in fragrant pear orchards

图7 减氮配施有机肥对香梨园土壤铵态氮的影响

Fig.7 Effects of reducing nitrogen fertilizer application and combined application of organic fertilizer on soil ammonium nitrogen in fragrant pear orchards

图8 减氮配施有机肥对香梨园土壤微生物量氮的影响

Fig.8 Effects of reducing nitrogen fertilizer application and combined application of organic fertilizer on soil microbial biomass nitrogen in fragrant pear orchards

图9 减氮配施有机肥对香梨园土壤碳氮比(C/N)的影响

Fig.9 Effects of reducing nitrogen fertilizer application combined with organic fertilizer on the soil carbon-nitrogen ratio(C/N)in fragrant pear orchards

图10 减氮配施有机肥对香梨园土壤微生物量碳氮比的影响

Fig.10 Effects of reducing nitrogen fertilizer application combined with organic fertilizer on the soil microbial biomass carbon-nitrogen ratio in fragrant pear orchards

图11 减氮配施有机肥对库尔勒香梨产量的影响

Fig.11 Effects of reducing nitrogen fertilizer application combined with organic fertilizer on the yield of Korla fragrant pears

图12 减氮配施有机肥对库尔勒香梨品质的影响

Fig.12 Effects of reducing nitrogen fertilizer application combined with organic fertilizer on the quality of Korla fragrant pears

图13 土壤碳氮组分与香梨产量、品质的相关性 TC.土壤全碳;SOC.土壤有机碳;SIC.土壤无机碳;SMBC.土壤微生物量碳;TN.土壤全氮;NO₃-N.土壤硝态氮;NH₃-N.土壤铵态氮;C/N.土壤碳氮比;SMBC/SMBN.土壤微生物量碳氮比;Yield.产量;Cell.石细胞;TA.总酸;SS.可溶性糖;VC.维生素C;^*.显著相关(P<0.05);^**.极显著相关(P<0.01)。

Fig.13 Correlations between soil carbon and nitrogen components and the yield and quality of fragrant pears TC.Total soil carbon;SOC.Soil organic carbon;SIC.Soil inorganic carbon;SMBC.Soil microbial biomass carbon;TN.Total soil nitrogen;NO₃-N.Soil nitrate nitrogen;NH₃-N.Soil ammonium nitrogen;C/N.The soil carbon-nitrogen ratio;SMBC/SMBN.The soil microbial biomass carbon-nitrogen ratio;Yield.Yield;Cell.Stone cells;TA.Total acid;SS.Soluble sugar;VC.Vitamin C;^*.A significant correlation(P<0.05);^**.A highly significant correlation(P<0.01).

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