不同配方肥对阳光玫瑰葡萄果实品质的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20195053

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在优化优质葡萄生产的肥料施用量和配施比例,通过采用L16(4⁵)非完全正交试验设计,研究了不同氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)、钙(Ca)和镁(Mg)配施处理对阳光玫瑰葡萄的果穗长度、纵径、横径、果形指数、单穗质量、单粒质量等外在品质,L^*、a^*、b^*、C、色泽指数等色泽指标,可溶性固形物、果实硬度、可滴定酸、维生素C等内在品质指标的影响。果实品质综合评价结果表明,T10处理对横径、单穗质量、a^*和色泽指数提高作用较强,其中T10处理的单穗质量最大,为844.3 g,除T11和T12处理外,较其他处理显著提高了10.5%(T15)~55.8%(T4)。T1处理对纵径提高作用较强,其纵径最大,为31.27 mm。T16处理对可滴定酸、维生素C和果实硬度提高作用较强,其中T16处理果实硬度最高,为4.93 N。基于果实综合品质,其理论最佳的N、P、K、Ca和Mg配施配方为N3P3K4Ca1Mg1,即每生产2 000 kg果实时的N、P₂O₅、K₂O、CaO和MgO最佳用量分别为6.8,6.3,14.2,0,0 kg。在生产实践中,应根据土壤肥力状况,确定最优施肥方案。

关键词: 葡萄, 肥料配比, 品质

Abstract:

In order to optimize the fertilizer application amount and proportion of high-quality grapes,the effects of different nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),potassium(K),calcium(Ca)and magnesium(Mg)treatments on external quality index(including spike length,longitudinal diameter,transverse diameter,berry shape index,cluster weight and single grain weight),color indicators(including L^*,a^*,b^*,C,color index),internal quality indicators(including total soluble solid content,fruit firmness,titratable acid content,vitamin C)of Sunshine rose grapes were studied by L16(4⁵)incomplete orthogonal experimental design.The results of comprehensive fruit quality evaluation showed that T10 treatment had a strong effect on the improvement of transverse diameter,cluster weight,a^* and color index,and the cluster weight of T10 treatment was 844.3 g,which was significantly increased by 10.5%(T15)-55.8%(T4)compared with other treatments except of T11 and T12 treatments.T1 treatment had a strong effect on the increase of longitudinal diameter,and its longitudinal diameter is the largest(31.27 mm).T16 treatment had a strong effect on improving titrable acid content,vitamin C and fruit firmness,among which T16 treatment had the highest fruit firmness(4.93 N).Based on the comprehensive quality of fruits,the optimal theoretical formulation of N,P,K,Ca and Mg was N3P3K4Ca1Mg1,and the optimal dosage of N,P₂O₅,K₂O,CaO and MgO were 6.8,6.3,14.2,0,0 kg for producing 2 000 kg fruits,respectively.In production practice,the optimal fertilization scheme should be determined according to the soil fertility status.

Key words: Grape, Fertilizer ratio, Quality

中图分类号:

S663.1

王小龙, 史祥宾, 冀晓昊, 李银萍, 刘凤之, 王海波. 不同配方肥对阳光玫瑰葡萄果实品质的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2025, 40(S1): 197-204. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195053.

WANG Xiaolong, SHI Xiangbin, JI Xiaohao, LI Yinping, LIU Fengzhi, WANG Haibo. Effects of Different Fertilizer Formulations on Fruit Quality of Sunshine Rose Grape[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2025, 40(S1): 197-204. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195053.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2025/V40/IS1/197

图/表 7

参考文献 36

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处理 Treatment	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	CaO	MgO
T1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
T2	0.0	48.0	70.5	60.0	12.0
T3	0.0	94.5	142.5	121.5	25.5
T4	0.0	142.5	213.0	181.5	37.5
T5	51.0	0.0	70.5	121.5	37.5
T6	51.0	48.0	0.0	181.5	25.5
T7	51.0	94.5	213.0	0.0	12.0
T8	51.0	142.5	142.5	60.0	0.0
T9	102.0	0.0	142.5	181.5	12.0
T10	102.0	48.0	213.0	121.5	0.0
T11	102.0	94.5	0.0	60.0	37.5
T12	102.0	142.5	70.5	0.0	25.5
T13	153.0	0.0	213.0	60.0	25.5
T14	153.0	48.0	142.5	0.0	37.5
T15	153.0	94.5	70.5	181.5	0.0
T16	153.0	142.5	0.0	121.5	12.0

处理 Treatment	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	CaO	MgO
T1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
T2	0.0	48.0	70.5	60.0	12.0
T3	0.0	94.5	142.5	121.5	25.5
T4	0.0	142.5	213.0	181.5	37.5
T5	51.0	0.0	70.5	121.5	37.5
T6	51.0	48.0	0.0	181.5	25.5
T7	51.0	94.5	213.0	0.0	12.0
T8	51.0	142.5	142.5	60.0	0.0
T9	102.0	0.0	142.5	181.5	12.0
T10	102.0	48.0	213.0	121.5	0.0
T11	102.0	94.5	0.0	60.0	37.5
T12	102.0	142.5	70.5	0.0	25.5
T13	153.0	0.0	213.0	60.0	25.5
T14	153.0	48.0	142.5	0.0	37.5
T15	153.0	94.5	70.5	181.5	0.0
T16	153.0	142.5	0.0	121.5	12.0

处理 Treatment	果穗长度/mm Spike length	纵径/mm Longitudinal diameter	横径/mm Transverse diameter	果形指数 Berry shape index	单穗质量/g Cluster weight	单粒质量/g Single grain weight
T1	192.5±7.5def	31.27±0.17a	25.53±1.14ab	1.23±0.05a	732.5±16.2cd	12.06±0.66ab
T2	205.6±3.1ab	26.55±0.83fg	23.03±1.13cde	1.15±0.03ab	658.2±28.6ef	10.01±0.07fgh
T3	190.7±3.2def	27.64±1.03ef	22.59±1.29de	1.22±0.03a	568.0±22.7gh	10.01±0.64fgh
T4	190.2±3.6def	26.61±1.23fg	23.36±1.11cde	1.14±0.02b	541.8±18.1h	9.37±0.26hij
T5	185.5±3.1f	25.38±1.49g	22.12±1.16e	1.15±0.02ab	581.3±20.8gh	8.57±0.07j
T6	194.6±0.0cde	27.27±0.19efg	22.82±1.42de	1.20±0.06ab	589.0±11.6gh	8.54±0.29j
T7	202.0±3.5abc	30.27±1.66ab	24.89±1.35abc	1.22±0.03a	762.8±32.8bc	10.70±0.65def
T8	189.9±7.6def	26.82±0.73efg	23.22±1.38cde	1.16±0.04ab	565.3±36.0gh	9.09±0.26ij
T9	207.7±4.5a	27.35±1.04ef	23.91±0.89bcde	1.14±0.05b	680.3±35.4e	10.20±0.31efg
T10	206.4±5.0a	30.03±0.30abc	25.96±0.20a	1.16±0.02ab	844.3±3.9a	11.69±0.49abc
T11	205.7±3.8ab	28.17±1.82cdef	24.06±0.70abcde	1.17±0.04ab	831.2±39.0a	10.83±0.94def
T12	197.5±2.2bcd	29.86±0.39abcd	25.50±0.60ab	1.17±0.02ab	810.8±8.4ab	11.46±0.47bcd
T13	187.6±0.9ef	27.93±1.29def	23.33±0.88cde	1.20±0.03ab	615.8±29.0fg	9.69±0.39ghi
T14	186.9±8.4ef	28.68±0.44bcde	25.48±1.11ab	1.13±0.04b	692.2±52.1de	12.45±0.20a
T15	175.9±2.6g	28.52±0.56bcdef	24.12±0.32abcd	1.18±0.04ab	764.3±35.9bc	10.98±0.26cde
T16	174.3±5.3g	28.42±1.31bcdef	24.08±0.06abcde	1.18±0.05ab	660.5±33.2ef	11.85±0.42abc

处理 Treatment	果穗长度/mm Spike length	纵径/mm Longitudinal diameter	横径/mm Transverse diameter	果形指数 Berry shape index	单穗质量/g Cluster weight	单粒质量/g Single grain weight
T1	192.5±7.5def	31.27±0.17a	25.53±1.14ab	1.23±0.05a	732.5±16.2cd	12.06±0.66ab
T2	205.6±3.1ab	26.55±0.83fg	23.03±1.13cde	1.15±0.03ab	658.2±28.6ef	10.01±0.07fgh
T3	190.7±3.2def	27.64±1.03ef	22.59±1.29de	1.22±0.03a	568.0±22.7gh	10.01±0.64fgh
T4	190.2±3.6def	26.61±1.23fg	23.36±1.11cde	1.14±0.02b	541.8±18.1h	9.37±0.26hij
T5	185.5±3.1f	25.38±1.49g	22.12±1.16e	1.15±0.02ab	581.3±20.8gh	8.57±0.07j
T6	194.6±0.0cde	27.27±0.19efg	22.82±1.42de	1.20±0.06ab	589.0±11.6gh	8.54±0.29j
T7	202.0±3.5abc	30.27±1.66ab	24.89±1.35abc	1.22±0.03a	762.8±32.8bc	10.70±0.65def
T8	189.9±7.6def	26.82±0.73efg	23.22±1.38cde	1.16±0.04ab	565.3±36.0gh	9.09±0.26ij
T9	207.7±4.5a	27.35±1.04ef	23.91±0.89bcde	1.14±0.05b	680.3±35.4e	10.20±0.31efg
T10	206.4±5.0a	30.03±0.30abc	25.96±0.20a	1.16±0.02ab	844.3±3.9a	11.69±0.49abc
T11	205.7±3.8ab	28.17±1.82cdef	24.06±0.70abcde	1.17±0.04ab	831.2±39.0a	10.83±0.94def
T12	197.5±2.2bcd	29.86±0.39abcd	25.50±0.60ab	1.17±0.02ab	810.8±8.4ab	11.46±0.47bcd
T13	187.6±0.9ef	27.93±1.29def	23.33±0.88cde	1.20±0.03ab	615.8±29.0fg	9.69±0.39ghi
T14	186.9±8.4ef	28.68±0.44bcde	25.48±1.11ab	1.13±0.04b	692.2±52.1de	12.45±0.20a
T15	175.9±2.6g	28.52±0.56bcdef	24.12±0.32abcd	1.18±0.04ab	764.3±35.9bc	10.98±0.26cde
T16	174.3±5.3g	28.42±1.31bcdef	24.08±0.06abcde	1.18±0.05ab	660.5±33.2ef	11.85±0.42abc

处理 Treatment	L^*	a^*	b^*	C	色泽指数 CIRG
T1	57.09±0.48a	-6.98±0.64bc	23.92±0.68abc	25.27±1.61abcd	0.90±0.06cdef
T2	54.96±1.08abcd	-6.30±0.37ab	21.80±1.05de	22.74±1.71def	0.97±0.04abc
T3	57.08±1.57a	-8.47±0.83cdef	25.56±1.10a	26.95±1.84ab	0.86±0.03ef
T4	55.30±1.79abc	-9.69±0.86f	25.61±0.49a	27.39±1.64a	0.84±0.01f
T5	56.04±1.27ab	-7.49±0.65cd	24.11±0.96abc	25.37±1.31abcd	0.89±0.04cdef
T6	55.59±0.44abc	-8.16±0.62d	23.72±0.48bc	25.11±2.40abcd	0.88±0.05def
T7	53.67±1.38cde	-6.86±0.79bc	23.63±0.79bc	24.61±2.00abcdef	0.97±0.02abc
T8	56.86±1.07a	-5.60±0.48a	24.18±0.91abc	24.89±0.78abcde	0.95±0.01abcd
T9	52.29±1.63e	-6.04±0.75ab	20.55±0.80e	21.43±1.05f	1.01±0.05a
T10	52.95±0.36de	-5.81±0.56ab	20.81±1.04e	21.63±1.78ef	1.00±0.04ab
T11	55.34±1.04abc	-6.90±0.43bc	22.79±0.17cd	23.83±1.37bcdef	0.93±0.02bcde
T12	53.60±1.26cde	-6.08±0.61ab	21.84±1.20de	22.68±2.37def	0.94±0.06abcde
T13	57.09±1.31a	-7.69±0.74cd	24.94±0.79ab	26.14±0.78abc	0.88±0.04def
T14	54.12±0.99bcde	-6.67±0.19abc	23.44±0.97bcd	24.40±2.50abcdef	0.95±0.03abcd
T15	55.61±1.41abc	-9.44±0.52ef	24.70±0.75ab	26.38±0.34abc	0.84±0.06f
T16	53.51±1.28cde	-5.83±0.39ab	22.54±1.43cd	23.30±2.18cdef	0.99±0.05ab

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