干旱胁迫对不同玉米品种生长性状及产量的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20192242

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 旨在探究不同干旱胁迫程度对东北半干旱地区玉米生长性状及产量的影响，为深入研究玉米抗旱的生理机制奠定理论基础。采用抗旱棚微区试验，选用3种不同耐旱程度的玉米品种，于玉米拔节期、抽雄期及灌浆期分别设置正常供水（CK）、轻旱（LS）、中旱（MS）、重旱（SS）及持续干旱处理（S）5个水分梯度，综合性分析不同干旱胁迫程度对3个玉米品种生长性状及产量相关指标的影响。随干旱程度的不断加重，玉米株高、穗位及干物质量逐渐降低，茎粗随干旱程度的增加无明显差异，其中金庆707玉米品种株高、穗位及干物质积累量最高，嫩单19及富单16次之。玉米于抽雄期干旱胁迫时果穗性状变化最明显，且重旱下玉米产量最低，持续干旱无产量。同一干旱程度下玉米品种耐旱性越差，减产越大，玉米品种产量大小具体表现为金庆707>嫩单19>富单16。采用多个指标进行综合性分析得出，玉米抽雄期为玉米需水关键期，较易受到干旱胁迫的影响，同时指出抽雄期干旱胁迫亦或干旱胁迫程度严重是最终导致玉米产量降低的主要因素。

关键词: 玉米, 干旱胁迫, 生长性状, 产量

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of different drought stress levels on maize growth traits and yield in the semi-arid region of Northeast China, and to lay a theoretical foundation for further research on the physiological mechanism of maize drought resistance.Three kinds of maize varieties with different drought tolerance were selected and five water gradients of normal water supply(CK), light drought(LS), moderate drought(MS), severe drought(SS)and lethal(S)were set at maize jointing, tasselling and filling stages, respectively. The effects of different drought stress on the growth traits and yield related indexes of three maize varieties were comprehensively analyzed. The plant height, ear position and dry matter weight of maize decreased with the increasing of drought degree, but the stem diameter had no significant difference with the increasing of drought degree. The plant height, ear position and dry matter accumulation of maize variety Jinqing 707 was the highest, followed by Nendan 19 and Fudan 16. During tasselling stage, the spike characters of maize changed most obviously under drought stress, and the maize yield was the lowest under severe drought, and no yield under continuous drought.Under the same drought degree, the worse the drought tolerance of maize varieties, the greater the yield reduction. The specific performance of maize yield is Jinqing 707 > Nendan 19 > Fudan 16.A comprehensive analysis of multiple indicators shows that tasselling stage is the key period of water requirement of maize, which is easily affected by drought stress. At the same time, it is pointed out that drought stress or serious degree of drought stress in tasselling stage is the main factor leading to the decrease of maize yield.

Key words: Corn, Drought stress, Growth character, Production

中图分类号:

S513.01

崔蓉, 王天野, 王呈玉, 李锦秀, 张欣宇, 刘淑霞. 干旱胁迫对不同玉米品种生长性状及产量的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2021, 36(S1): 94-100. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192242.

CUI Rong, WANG Tianye, WANG Chengyu, LI Jinxiu, ZHANG Xinyu, LIU Shuxia. Effects of Drought Stress on Growth Characters and Yield of Different Maize Varieties[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2021, 36(S1): 94-100. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192242.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2021/V36/IS1/94

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