摘要： 为探明铝胁迫对油菜生长发育和养分吸收特性的影响，以2个耐铝性差异显著的油菜品种为试验材料，采用营养液培养，设置4个铝胁迫浓度和2个胁迫时间，测定根系形态指标（总根长、总根表面积、总根体积、总根尖数）、生长指标（根茎粗、株高、地上干质量、根干质量）和营养元素（N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Al）的含量。结果表明，铝胁迫降低了油菜总根长、总根表面积、总根体积、总根尖数以及根茎粗、株高、根干质量、地上干质量，且随着铝浓度的增加和胁迫时间的延长降幅增大，敏感型品种降幅大于耐铝型品种。铝胁迫对油菜地上部和根系中铝元素的吸收具有促进作用，其中根系铝含量增幅高于地上部；而对N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe等元素的吸收有抑制作用。随着铝胁迫浓度增加和胁迫时间延长各元素含量的增幅或降幅增大，且基因型之间存在着一定的差异，敏感型品种的变化幅度大于耐铝型品种。由此可见，与敏感型品种相比，耐铝型油菜品种的根系形态、地上部生长和营养元素吸收受铝毒害的抑制作用较小，其对铝毒害有较强的适应能力。研究结果可为酸性土壤上的油菜高产栽培提供理论依据。

关键词: 油菜, 铝胁迫, 形态指标, 养分吸收

Abstract: In order to explore the effects of aluminum(Al) stress on growth and nutrient absorption characteristics of different Al-tolerant rapeseed varieties, a hydroponically experiment with four concentrations and two stress time of Al treatment was carried out to measure root morphology(total root length, total root surface area, total root volume, total root tips), growth indicators(rootstock thickness, plant height, dry weight above ground, dry weight of root system) and nutrient elements(N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Al) content.The results showed that Al stress reduced total root length, total root surface area, total root volume, total root tips, rhizome thickness, plant height, root dry weight, and above-ground dry weight. With the increase of concentration and time of Al treatment, the decrease of root and growth indicators were further enhanced, and these decrease of Al-sensitive variety were more than that of Al-tolerant variety. Al stress promoted the absorption of Al in the shoots and roots of rapeseed, and the increase of Al content in roots were higher than that in the shoots; while it had a inhibition on the absorption of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe and other elements. With the increase of concentration and time of Al treatment, these increase or decrease of nutrient elements content were further enhanced, and there were certain differences between genotypes, while these variation of Al-sensitive variety were more than that of Al-tolerant variety. Obviously, compared with Al-sensitive variety, the root morphology, aerial growth and nutrient absorption of Al-tolerant variety which had stronger adaptability to aluminum toxicity were less inhibited.The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the high-yield cultivation of rapeseed on acid soil.

Key words: Rapeseed, Aluminum stress, Morphological parameters, Nutrient absorption

中图分类号: 

• S634.01

• S143.7