摘要： 为研究小麦穗部性状的变化特点,以不同水分条件下种植的小麦水旱分离群体为材料,对小麦的9个穗部性状进行遗传分析.结果表明:2种不同环境条件下,群体表现极为显著的超亲分离,分布呈偏态单峰和偏态多峰,且基本符合正态分布,表现为数量性状遗传特点.穗长、不孕小穗数、小穗着生密度和芒长符合2对主基因遗传模型;有效小穗数、小穗粒数、总小穗数、穗粒数和千粒质量符合1对主基因遗传模型.在干旱胁迫条件下,穗长、有效小穗数、穗粒数、小穗着生密度和芒长,5个性状的主基因遗传率最高,分别为88%,73%,64%,67%,95%,芒长的变异系数呈最高值为41%,因此,可能有主基因和多基因控制这些性状.

关键词: 小麦抗旱性, 穗部性状, 主基因, 遗传分析

Abstract: To study the difference of spike traits between well watered and drought conditions,a BC population derived from a cross between drought-resistance wheat variety and high fertilizer variety,was evaluated cultivated under well watered and drought stress conditions.Based on the segregation analysis of mixed inheritance model with major genes plus polygenes,the genetic coefficients of nine spike traits were obtained.The results showed that significant transgressive separation existed among all traits of population,distribution of positive skewness were unimodal and skewness peak,conformed to normal distribution,showed the genetic characteristics of quantitative traits,under the conditions of both well-irrigated and drought stress.The traits of ear length,ineffective spike number,compactness and awn length were controlled by two pairs of major genes,the traits of effective spikelet per spike,grain number per spike,grains per spike,number of spikelets and 1000-grain weight were controlled by one pairs of major gene.Under drought stress,the traits including ear length,effective spikelet per spike,grain number per spike,compactness and awn length,had high main gene heritability of 88%,73%,64%,67% and 95%.Awn length in the high coefficient of variation was 41%.So there might be the main gene and polygenic control performance.

Key words: Wheat drought resistance, Spike traits, Major gene, Genetic analysis

中图分类号: 

• S512.03