摘要： 为了提高千粒重，连续8年对普通小麦（T.aestivum）和硬粒小麦（T.durum）的正反交后代进行种质创新研究。结果表明：利用普通小麦、硬粒小麦种间杂种优势，是实现种质创新，培育高千粒重新种质的一条有效途径，在入选的319个子粒饱满度一级的株系中，260个株系千粒重超全国小麦黄淮区域试验对照品种石4185（亲本），占入选株系的81.5%，其中，最高千粒重为61.22 g，超亲优势为46.28%；正交、反交后代在该性状上无差异，表明子粒千粒重与细胞质无关；目前已选育出抗旱、抗病、农艺性状优良，千粒重40.1~61.22 g的株系263个，可直接用于小麦遗传育种研究及新品种选育。

关键词: 普通小麦, 硬粒小麦, 杂种优势, 千粒重, 种质创新

Abstract: In order to improve the thousand-grain weight(TGW),the researches on progenies derivated from interspecific reciprocal hybridization between common wheat(T.aestivum) and durum wheat(T.durum) have been carried out 8 years successively to innovate new germplasm.Results showed that:Interspecific heterosis utilization was an effective way to innovate new germplasm with higher TGW.Two hundred and sixty new advanced lines were over its common wheat parent of Shi 4185,an original line in the national yield trial of Huanghuai valley,in the total of three hundred and nineteen lines with 1 grade of plum seeds,whose ratio was 81.5%.The highest TGW was 61.22 g,which was(46.28%)over its two parents;There was no difference between progenies from reciprocal crosses of common wheat and durum wheat,that indicated the difference cytoplasm was equally effective for the TGW genetic improvement;Two hundred and sixty three new advanced lines with TGW of 40.1_61.22g were successfully developed that could be directly used in both wheat genetic and breeding researches and new cultivar development.

Key words: Common wheat, Durum wheat, Interspecific heterosis, Thousand-grain weight, Germplasm innovation

中图分类号: 

• S512